{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281772199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517031.3529616","title":"A Holographic Single-Pixel Stereo Camera Sensor for Calibration-free Eye-Tracking in Retinal Projection Augmented Reality Glasses","display_name":"A Holographic Single-Pixel Stereo Camera Sensor for Calibration-free Eye-Tracking in Retinal Projection Augmented Reality Glasses","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281772199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517031.3529616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3517031.3529616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517031.3529616","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086050014","display_name":"Johannes Meyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-2603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Meyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research, Germany and University of T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelm-Schickard Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Corporate Research, Germany and University of T\u00fcbingen, Wilhelm-Schickard Institut f\u00fcr Informatik, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733","https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055351284","display_name":"Tobias Wilm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Wilm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067503347","display_name":"Reinhold Fie\u00df","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhold Fiess","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079240877","display_name":"Thomas Schlebusch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0440-5596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schlebusch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering, Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Sector Research and Advance Engineering, Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067846212","display_name":"Wilhelm Stork","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-4615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilhelm Stork","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008809634","display_name":"Enkelejda Kasneci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3146-4484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enkelejda Kasneci","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tubingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2261,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54732064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.8445355296134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7818537950515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7234348058700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5393874645233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.5358717441558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereo-camera","display_name":"Stereo camera","score":0.5062238574028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4900268316268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.48201170563697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holography","display_name":"Holography","score":0.4290791451931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4201315939426422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.4169631004333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3560604155063629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2927386164665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13676726818084717}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.8445355296134949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7818537950515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7234348058700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5393874645233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.5358717441558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185078393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313783","display_name":"Stereo camera","level":2,"score":0.5062238574028015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4900268316268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.48201170563697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.4290791451931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4201315939426422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.4169631004333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3560604155063629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2927386164665222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13676726818084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3517031.3529616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3517031.3529616","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975698725","https://openalex.org/W1978564507","https://openalex.org/W2067450201","https://openalex.org/W2088944299","https://openalex.org/W2095614026","https://openalex.org/W2158363907","https://openalex.org/W2614113705","https://openalex.org/W2760679039","https://openalex.org/W2770542696","https://openalex.org/W2784086154","https://openalex.org/W2949442988","https://openalex.org/W2960062801","https://openalex.org/W2983810994","https://openalex.org/W2997514173","https://openalex.org/W3033315937","https://openalex.org/W3045904363","https://openalex.org/W3189292171","https://openalex.org/W3192052662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172197285","https://openalex.org/W2991048842","https://openalex.org/W2750280393","https://openalex.org/W2355696739","https://openalex.org/W3158001554","https://openalex.org/W2771909920","https://openalex.org/W2957704286","https://openalex.org/W2028936041","https://openalex.org/W2179141964","https://openalex.org/W4383103690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye-tracking":[0],"is":[1,109],"a":[2,66,76,84,89,123],"key":[3],"technology":[4],"for":[5,71,137],"future":[6],"retinal":[7],"projection":[8],"based":[9,74],"AR":[10,72,139],"glasses":[11,50,73],"as":[12,17],"it":[13],"enables":[14],"techniques":[15],"such":[16],"foveated":[18],"rendering":[19],"or":[20],"gaze-driven":[21],"exit":[22],"pupil":[23],"steering,":[24],"which":[25],"both":[26],"increases":[27],"the":[28,35,47,54,97,114,134],"system's":[29],"overall":[30],"performance.":[31],"However,":[32],"two":[33,93],"of":[34,49,56,96,126],"major":[36],"challenges":[37],"video":[38],"oculography":[39],"systems":[40],"face":[41],"are":[42],"robust":[43],"gaze":[44,115],"estimation":[45],"in":[46,102],"presence":[48],"slippage,":[51],"paired":[52],"with":[53,104],"necessity":[55],"frequent":[57],"sensor":[58,70],"calibration.":[59],"To":[60],"overcome":[61],"these":[62],"challenges,":[63],"we":[64,121],"propose":[65],"novel,":[67],"calibration-free":[68,124],"eye-tracking":[69,131],"on":[75],"highly":[77],"transparent":[78],"holographic":[79],"optical":[80],"element":[81],"(HOE)":[82],"and":[83],"laser":[85],"scanner.":[86],"We":[87],"fabricate":[88],"segmented":[90],"HOE":[91],"generating":[92],"stereo":[94,106],"images":[95],"eye-region.":[98],"A":[99],"single-pixel":[100],"detector":[101],"combination":[103],"our":[105,118,130],"reconstruction":[107],"algorithm":[108],"used":[110],"to":[111],"precisely":[112],"calculate":[113],"position.":[116],"In":[117],"laboratory":[119],"setup":[120],"demonstrate":[122],"accuracy":[125],"1.35\u00b0":[127],"achieved":[128],"by":[129],"sensor;":[132],"highlighting":[133],"sensor's":[135],"suitability":[136],"consumer":[138],"glasses.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}