{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288058262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534144","title":"Counterfactual Explanations for Prediction and Diagnosis in XAI","display_name":"Counterfactual Explanations for Prediction and Diagnosis in XAI","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288058262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3514094.3534144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534144","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3514094.3534144","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3514094.3534144","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047979915","display_name":"Xinyue Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8684-2118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyue Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074878641","display_name":"Mark T. Keane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark T. Keane","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021283848","display_name":"L. Shalloo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-672X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141766778","display_name":"Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurence Shalloo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teagasc Moorepark, Cork, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teagasc Moorepark, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051001144","display_name":"E. Ruelle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0077-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141766778","display_name":"Teagasc - The Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elodie Ruelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teagasc Moorepark, Cork, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teagasc Moorepark, Cork, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141766778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036992363","display_name":"Ruth M. J. Byrne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-1211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth M.J. Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8569,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95613721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"215","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.9690995216369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.8453391790390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.6641496419906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5039848685264587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40823206305503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3511165976524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1949610710144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.144721120595932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09513446688652039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.9690995216369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.8453391790390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.6641496419906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5039848685264587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40823206305503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3511165976524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1949610710144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.144721120595932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09513446688652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3514094.3534144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534144","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3514094.3534144","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E01A9-09D-BDF","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://api.osf.io/v2/nodes/mn7gs/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E01C1-66F-7D3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/mn7gs/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:d4b6af93-480a-4b4f-b67b-22cfe24c91e8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/mn7gs","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3514094.3534144","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534144","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3514094.3534144","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320849","display_name":"Teagasc","ror":"https://ror.org/03sx84n71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288058262.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288058262.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978835404","https://openalex.org/W1994904988","https://openalex.org/W2003045494","https://openalex.org/W2004911280","https://openalex.org/W2005267223","https://openalex.org/W2007439715","https://openalex.org/W2018924766","https://openalex.org/W2021691459","https://openalex.org/W2044409521","https://openalex.org/W2050439739","https://openalex.org/W2072562433","https://openalex.org/W2081486243","https://openalex.org/W2108021204","https://openalex.org/W2136815777","https://openalex.org/W2145704119","https://openalex.org/W2329044911","https://openalex.org/W2539402258","https://openalex.org/W2552103453","https://openalex.org/W2596341530","https://openalex.org/W2616605651","https://openalex.org/W2765204106","https://openalex.org/W2801816216","https://openalex.org/W2936967648","https://openalex.org/W2963125461","https://openalex.org/W2966362896","https://openalex.org/W2989620457","https://openalex.org/W3015552668","https://openalex.org/W3095444354","https://openalex.org/W3121787084","https://openalex.org/W3163675517","https://openalex.org/W3193042250","https://openalex.org/W4225143906","https://openalex.org/W4241857777","https://openalex.org/W4253714616","https://openalex.org/W4403159200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3163462160","https://openalex.org/W4210625552","https://openalex.org/W4288058262","https://openalex.org/W3126070193","https://openalex.org/W4288092191","https://openalex.org/W2273971798","https://openalex.org/W2126569494","https://openalex.org/W1990856145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,38],"compared":[1,67,153],"two":[2,119],"sorts":[3],"of":[4,42,50,71,78,142,145,156,164],"explanations":[5,14,28,175],"for":[6,98,109],"decisions":[7],"made":[8,138],"by":[9,173],"an":[10,17,59,110,157],"AI":[11,55],"system:":[12],"counterfactual":[13,174],"about":[15,29,53,58,64,74,84,150,161],"how":[16,30],"outcome":[18,60,158],"could":[19,32],"have":[20],"been":[21],"different":[22,34],"in":[23,35,105,115,128],"the":[24,36,40,48,54,65,69,75,85,135,143,162],"past,":[25],"and":[26,108,131,168,176],"prefactual":[27,177],"it":[31],"be":[33],"future.":[37],"examined":[39],"effects":[41],"these":[43],"alternative":[44],"explanation":[45],"strategies":[46],"on":[47,91,102,148],"accuracy":[49,70],"users'":[51,126],"judgments":[52,73],"app's":[56,76],"predictions":[57,155,167],"(inferred":[61,81],"from":[62,82],"information":[63,83,149,160],"causes),":[66],"to":[68,154],"their":[72,129,132,151],"diagnoses":[77,141,169],"a":[79,92],"cause":[80],"outcome).":[86],"The":[87,118],"tasks":[88],"were":[89,170],"based":[90,147],"simulated":[93],"SmartAgriculture":[94],"decision":[95],"support":[96],"system":[97],"grass":[99],"growth":[100],"outcomes":[101],"dairy":[103],"farms":[104],"Experiment":[106,116],"1,":[107],"analogous":[111],"alien":[112],"planet":[113],"domain":[114],"2.":[117],"experiments,":[120],"with":[121,134],"243":[122],"participants,":[123],"also":[124],"tested":[125],"confidence":[127],"decisions,":[130],"satisfaction":[133],"explanations.":[136],"Users":[137],"more":[139],"accurate":[140],"presence":[144,163],"causes":[146],"outcome,":[152],"given":[159],"causes.":[165],"Their":[166],"helped":[171],"equally":[172],"ones.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}