{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4287993192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534135","title":"Algorithms that \"Don't See Color\"","display_name":"Algorithms that \"Don't See Color\"","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4287993192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3514094.3534135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534135","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033574079","display_name":"Piotr Sapie\u017cy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-7090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Sapiezynski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101463080","display_name":"Avijit Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-3698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avijit Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068866693","display_name":"Levi Kaplan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-8545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Levi Kaplan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021785804","display_name":"Aaron Rieke","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Rieke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Upturn, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Upturn, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083710366","display_name":"Alan Mislove","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4824-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Mislove","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92303493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"609","last_page":"616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lawsuit","display_name":"Lawsuit","score":0.7553362846374512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6447646021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.45124268531799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-justice","display_name":"Economic Justice","score":0.4292784333229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"Criminal justice","score":0.42365992069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38272300362586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34594225883483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.328630656003952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.21336469054222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.1405574083328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12184277176856995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777134139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697327","display_name":"Lawsuit","level":2,"score":0.7553362846374512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6447646021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.45124268531799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.4292784333229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.42365992069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38272300362586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34594225883483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.328630656003952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.21336469054222107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1405574083328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12184277176856995}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3514094.3534135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534135","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327705","display_name":"Mozilla Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01y8r3379"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111324831","https://openalex.org/W1498237392","https://openalex.org/W1507313323","https://openalex.org/W2026019770","https://openalex.org/W2064248928","https://openalex.org/W2078698249","https://openalex.org/W2100960835","https://openalex.org/W2101298156","https://openalex.org/W2162445884","https://openalex.org/W2550925836","https://openalex.org/W2768276157","https://openalex.org/W2794342582","https://openalex.org/W2796402109","https://openalex.org/W2799929805","https://openalex.org/W2807251972","https://openalex.org/W2808309499","https://openalex.org/W2808894668","https://openalex.org/W2890407468","https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W2903413184","https://openalex.org/W2950266612","https://openalex.org/W2980155454","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3046089220","https://openalex.org/W3123847197","https://openalex.org/W3155422163","https://openalex.org/W4241451193","https://openalex.org/W4288086175","https://openalex.org/W4361868505","https://openalex.org/W6752279996","https://openalex.org/W7018690968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363627120","https://openalex.org/W2362255677","https://openalex.org/W2389538941","https://openalex.org/W2380613651","https://openalex.org/W2348365307","https://openalex.org/W2371669158","https://openalex.org/W2379873270","https://openalex.org/W2352712688","https://openalex.org/W2354717723","https://openalex.org/W2352961294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Researchers":[0],"and":[1,90,111],"journalists":[2],"have":[3,21,26],"repeatedly":[4],"shown":[5],"that":[6,73,131],"algorithms":[7,153],"commonly":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10,113],"domains":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"credit,":[14],"employment,":[15],"healthcare,":[16],"or":[17],"criminal":[18],"justice":[19],"can":[20,142],"discriminatory":[22,168],"effects.":[23,169],"Some":[24],"organizations":[25,151],"tried":[27],"to":[28,59,77,97,102,122,144,154,158,166],"mitigate":[29],"these":[30],"effects":[31],"by":[32,63,80,117],"simply":[33],"removing":[34,64,133],"sensitive":[35,66],"features":[36,67,135],"from":[37,68,136],"an":[38,71,81],"algorithm's":[39],"inputs.":[40],"In":[41,55],"this":[42,49,118],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"explore":[45],"the":[46,88,94,106,114,123],"limits":[47],"of":[48,70,93,108],"approach":[50],"using":[51,152],"a":[52,61,137,149],"unique":[53],"opportunity.":[54],"2019,":[56],"Facebook":[57],"agreed":[58],"settle":[60],"lawsuit":[62],"certain":[65],"inputs":[69,141],"algorithm":[72,95],"identifies":[74],"users":[75],"similar":[76],"those":[78],"provided":[79],"advertiser":[82],"for":[83],"ad":[84],"targeting,":[85],"making":[86],"both":[87],"modified":[89,119],"unmodified":[91,124],"versions":[92],"available":[96],"advertisers.":[98],"We":[99],"develop":[100],"methodologies":[101],"measure":[103],"biases":[104],"along":[105],"lines":[107],"gender,":[109],"age,":[110],"race":[112],"audiences":[115],"created":[116],"algorithm,":[120],"relative":[121],"one.":[125],"Our":[126],"results":[127],"provide":[128],"experimental":[129],"proof":[130],"merely":[132],"demographic":[134],"real-world":[138],"algorithmic":[139],"system's":[140],"fail":[143],"prevent":[145],"biased":[146],"outputs.":[147],"As":[148],"result,":[150],"help":[155],"mediate":[156],"access":[157],"important":[159],"life":[160],"opportunities":[161],"should":[162],"consider":[163],"other":[164],"approaches":[165],"mitigating":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2022-07-26T00:00:00"}