{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283464460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512732.3533584","title":"Automatic Detection of Bot-generated Tweets","display_name":"Automatic Detection of Bot-generated Tweets","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283464460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512732.3533584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3512732.3533584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512732.3533584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Multimedia AI against Disinformation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://cea.hal.science/cea-03788573","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024948446","display_name":"Julien Tourille","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4486-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julien Tourille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91120, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91120, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016357143","display_name":"Babacar Sow","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babacar Sow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I198244214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037268828","display_name":"Adrian Popescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-824X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Popescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91120, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, F-91120, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024948446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95578594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"44","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8546386957168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6846685409545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"Disinformation","score":0.6836134195327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6799991726875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5678851008415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5195977091789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.49595341086387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.48541387915611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4787430167198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4768049418926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4239349365234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42380499839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3989883065223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09214845299720764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8546386957168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6846685409545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.6836134195327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6799991726875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5678851008415222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5195977091789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.49595341086387634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.48541387915611267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4787430167198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4768049418926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4239349365234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42380499839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3989883065223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09214845299720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3512732.3533584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512732.3533584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Multimedia AI against Disinformation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:cea-03788573v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cea.hal.science/cea-03788573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1st ACM International Workshop on Multimedia AI against Disinformation","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:cea-03788573v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cea.hal.science/cea-03788573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1st ACM International Workshop on Multimedia AI against Disinformation","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1322071649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"951911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7231943246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 Programme","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8826631963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327111","display_name":"Fondation MAIF","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2475245295","https://openalex.org/W2583516892","https://openalex.org/W2787296320","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963026768","https://openalex.org/W2971258845","https://openalex.org/W3034287667","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3037250227","https://openalex.org/W3041412367","https://openalex.org/W3098136301","https://openalex.org/W3132668218","https://openalex.org/W3170057763","https://openalex.org/W4212774754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043508177","https://openalex.org/W4382752644","https://openalex.org/W4309170162","https://openalex.org/W3049488969","https://openalex.org/W2043544044","https://openalex.org/W3209170404","https://openalex.org/W2067549128","https://openalex.org/W4226303916","https://openalex.org/W4388052379","https://openalex.org/W4306317210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"have":[3],"the":[4,44,59,68,82,89,95,100,124,139,143,149,154,157,176,179],"capacity":[5],"to":[6,14,56,98,122,152,170,175],"generate":[7,99],"textual":[8],"content":[9,22],"which":[10],"is":[11,53],"increasingly":[12],"difficult":[13,54],"distinguish":[15],"from":[16],"that":[17,138],"produced":[18],"by":[19,84],"humans.":[20],"Such":[21],"can":[23],"be":[24],"used":[25,97,151],"in":[26],"disinformation":[27],"campaigns":[28],"and":[29,67,114],"its":[30,92],"detrimental":[31],"effects":[32],"are":[33],"amplified":[34],"if":[35],"it":[36],"spreads":[37],"on":[38,110,129,148],"social":[39],"networks.":[40],"Here,":[41],"we":[42,76],"study":[43],"automatic":[45,159],"detection":[46,108],"of":[47,62,71,81,119,126,142,178],"bot-generated":[48],"Twitter":[49],"messages.":[50],"This":[51],"task":[52],"due":[55],"combination":[57],"between":[58],"strong":[60],"performance":[61,125,172],"recent":[63,130],"deep":[64],"language":[65,112],"models":[66,113],"limited":[69],"length":[70],"tweets.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"study,":[75],"propose":[77],"a":[78,116],"challenging":[79],"definition":[80],"problem":[83],"making":[85],"no":[86],"assumption":[87],"regarding":[88],"bot":[90,107],"account,":[91],"network":[93],"or":[94],"method":[96],"text.":[101],"We":[102],"devise":[103],"two":[104,158],"approaches":[105],"for":[106],"based":[109],"pretrained":[111],"create":[115],"new":[117],"dataset":[118,150,160,181],"generated":[120],"tweets":[121],"improve":[123],"our":[127],"classifier":[128,145],"text":[131],"generation":[132],"algorithms.":[133],"The":[134],"obtained":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137,164],"generalization":[140],"capabilities":[141],"proposed":[144,162],"heavily":[146],"depends":[147],"trained":[153],"model.":[155],"Interestingly,":[156],"augmentation":[161],"here":[163],"promising":[165],"results.":[166],"Their":[167],"introduction":[168],"leads":[169],"consistent":[171],"gains":[173],"compared":[174],"use":[177],"original":[180],"alone.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
