{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284959865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528776","title":"The compact genetic algorithm struggles on Cliff functions","display_name":"The compact genetic algorithm struggles on Cliff functions","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284959865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3512290.3528776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089531887","display_name":"Frank Neumann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2721-3618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Frank Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018789989","display_name":"Dirk Sudholt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186354981","display_name":"University of Passau","ror":"https://ror.org/05ydjnb78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Sudholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Passau, Passau, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Passau, Passau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186354981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038689623","display_name":"Carsten Witt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6105-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Witt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089531887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9355,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76061194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1426","last_page":"1433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cliff","display_name":"Cliff","score":0.5922055840492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.543572723865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4700160324573517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4309706389904022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.29754388332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.0978652834892273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164139821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107679","display_name":"Cliff","level":2,"score":0.5922055840492249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.543572723865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4700160324573517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4309706389904022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.29754388332366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0978652834892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3512290.3528776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/136645","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2440/136645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/3512290","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3128856113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FT200100536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1058439126","https://openalex.org/W1990799344","https://openalex.org/W1991567646","https://openalex.org/W2001697496","https://openalex.org/W2003289346","https://openalex.org/W2004759812","https://openalex.org/W2028333242","https://openalex.org/W2050215344","https://openalex.org/W2082931571","https://openalex.org/W2100137329","https://openalex.org/W2146239736","https://openalex.org/W2499441210","https://openalex.org/W2527291902","https://openalex.org/W2724311120","https://openalex.org/W2727744916","https://openalex.org/W2784961280","https://openalex.org/W2804953719","https://openalex.org/W2885992409","https://openalex.org/W2887735318","https://openalex.org/W2904037980","https://openalex.org/W2964348335","https://openalex.org/W2969086206","https://openalex.org/W2982373721","https://openalex.org/W3017285231","https://openalex.org/W3095083526","https://openalex.org/W3099820049","https://openalex.org/W3101149728","https://openalex.org/W3127900374","https://openalex.org/W3193338811","https://openalex.org/W3194858733","https://openalex.org/W4240139199","https://openalex.org/W4299432846","https://openalex.org/W6840512292","https://openalex.org/W7029258064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4296179769","https://openalex.org/W4233990179","https://openalex.org/W2513124405","https://openalex.org/W2150968680","https://openalex.org/W1571156853","https://openalex.org/W2505532926","https://openalex.org/W4230224204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"compact":[1],"genetic":[2],"algorithm":[3,11],"(cGA)":[4],"is":[5,116,133],"a":[6,117,134],"non-elitist":[7,52],"estimation":[8],"of":[9,103,125],"distribution":[10],"which":[12,45],"has":[13,47],"shown":[14,49],"to":[15,18,28,147],"be":[16],"able":[17],"deal":[19],"with":[20],"difficult":[21],"multimodal":[22],"fitness":[23],"landscapes":[24],"that":[25,51,68,94,131],"are":[26],"hard":[27],"solve":[29],"by":[30],"elitist":[31],"algorithms.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"investigate":[37,80],"the":[38,41,69,76,88,95,104,123,126,140],"cGA":[39,70,96],"on":[40],"Cliff":[42,77],"function":[43,78],"for":[44,100,137],"it":[46,60],"been":[48],"recently":[50],"evolutionary":[53],"algorithms":[54],"and":[55,79,85],"artificial":[56],"immune":[57],"systems":[58],"optimize":[59],"in":[61],"expected":[62,141],"polynomial":[63],"time.":[64],"We":[65,108],"point":[66],"out":[67],"faces":[71],"major":[72],"difficulties":[73],"when":[74,120],"solving":[75],"its":[81],"dynamics":[82],"both":[83],"experimentally":[84],"theoretically":[86,110],"around":[87,122],"Cliff.":[89],"Our":[90],"experimental":[91],"results":[92],"indicate":[93],"requires":[97],"exponential":[98],"time":[99,143],"all":[101],"values":[102],"update":[105],"strength":[106],"K.":[107],"show":[109],"that,":[111],"under":[112],"sensible":[113],"assumptions,":[114],"there":[115,132],"negative":[118],"drift":[119],"sampling":[121],"location":[124],"cliff.":[127],"Experiments":[128],"further":[129],"suggest":[130],"phase":[135],"transition":[136],"K":[138],"where":[139],"optimization":[142],"drops":[144],"from":[145],"n\u0398(n)":[146],"2\u0398(n).":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}