{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285734620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528711","title":"Identifying the source of an epidemic using particle swarm optimization","display_name":"Identifying the source of an epidemic using particle swarm optimization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285734620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528711"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3512290.3528711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3512290.3528711&file=p1237-magee-suppl.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3512290.3528711&file=p1237-magee-suppl.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058161638","display_name":"John MaGee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John MaGee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021681966","display_name":"Viplove Arora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-5949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138549579","display_name":"Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati","ror":"https://ror.org/004fze387","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viplove Arora","raw_affiliation_strings":["SISSA, Trieste, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SISSA, Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017375445","display_name":"Mario Ventresca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-297X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Ventresca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7516,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63901979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1237","last_page":"1244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak","display_name":"Outbreak","score":0.7460235357284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7215086817741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5671772956848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5454162359237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-model","display_name":"Epidemic model","score":0.5287551283836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snapshot","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","score":0.5016880035400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4034793972969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35118916630744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3276407718658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27351850271224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14733770489692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virology","display_name":"Virology","score":0.12318602204322815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.7460235357284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7215086817741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5671772956848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5454162359237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1627819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2572354","display_name":"Epidemic model","level":3,"score":0.5287551283836365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55282118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252683","display_name":"Snapshot (computer storage)","level":2,"score":0.5016880035400391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4034793972969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35118916630744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3276407718658447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27351850271224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14733770489692688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.12318602204322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3512290.3528711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3512290.3528711&file=p1237-magee-suppl.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3512290.3528711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3512290.3528711","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1145%2F3512290.3528711&file=p1237-magee-suppl.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285734620.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285734620.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493256835","https://openalex.org/W1606697907","https://openalex.org/W1978422072","https://openalex.org/W1994927186","https://openalex.org/W2011014734","https://openalex.org/W2016674662","https://openalex.org/W2017356978","https://openalex.org/W2055362188","https://openalex.org/W2073627497","https://openalex.org/W2087528369","https://openalex.org/W2091638851","https://openalex.org/W2093413494","https://openalex.org/W2125686513","https://openalex.org/W2144301074","https://openalex.org/W2148024723","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2165299997","https://openalex.org/W2404102482","https://openalex.org/W2479032158","https://openalex.org/W2765076328","https://openalex.org/W3110668232","https://openalex.org/W3191809422","https://openalex.org/W4230684782","https://openalex.org/W4245774281","https://openalex.org/W4249616096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386088810","https://openalex.org/W4214593058","https://openalex.org/W2359299668","https://openalex.org/W2019424700","https://openalex.org/W2380717003","https://openalex.org/W1707872772","https://openalex.org/W3177438917","https://openalex.org/W2348925352","https://openalex.org/W2366875156","https://openalex.org/W2745322169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identifying":[0],"the":[1,6,47,56,69,73,95,101,112,119,134,137,140,158,165,182],"primary":[2],"case,":[3],"denoted":[4],"as":[5],"index":[7],"case":[8],"or":[9],"commonly":[10],"\"patient":[11],"zero\",":[12],"of":[13,20,61,68,72,94,123,142,161],"an":[14,124,143,162],"epidemic":[15],"is":[16,103,115,168,185],"a":[17,38,62,65,85,91,106],"critical":[18],"part":[19],"epidemiological":[21],"investigation":[22],"for":[23,81,139],"understanding":[24],"outbreak":[25,144],"occurrence":[26],"and":[27,58,88,121,127,178],"how":[28],"to":[29,43,46,54,171],"prevent":[30],"future":[31],"outbreaks.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"paper,":[35],"we":[36],"devise":[37],"Particle":[39],"Swarm":[40],"Optimization":[41],"algorithm":[42,114,167],"find":[44],"solutions":[45],"patient":[48,96],"zero":[49,97],"inverse":[50,98],"problem,":[51],"which":[52],"aims":[53],"estimate":[55],"location":[57,120,141],"time":[59,122,160],"origin":[60],"disease":[63,82,102],"from":[64],"single":[66],"snapshot":[67],"infection":[70],"status":[71],"post-outbreak":[74],"population.":[75,107],"We":[76],"consider":[77],"various":[78],"compartmental":[79],"models":[80],"spread":[83],"on":[84],"regular":[86],"lattice":[87],"also":[89,169],"propose":[90],"new":[92],"variant":[93],"problem":[99],"where":[100],"reintroduced":[104],"into":[105],"Experimental":[108],"results":[109],"show":[110],"that":[111],"proposed":[113,166],"effective":[116],"at":[117],"identifying":[118,157],"epidemic's":[125],"inception,":[126],"shows":[128],"improvements":[129,155],"over":[130],"other":[131],"algorithms":[132,150],"in":[133,156,174],"literature.":[135],"Specifically,":[136],"estimates":[138],"are":[145],"50%":[146],"closer":[147],"than":[148],"similar":[149],"along":[151],"with":[152],"statistically":[153],"significant":[154],"onset":[159],"outbreak.":[163],"Moreover,":[164],"able":[170],"consistently":[172],"perform":[173],"partially":[175],"observable":[176],"environments":[177],"scales":[179],"well":[180],"when":[181],"search":[183],"space":[184],"increased.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
