{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210269029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510832","title":"PhiNets: A Scalable Backbone for Low-power AI at the Edge","display_name":"PhiNets: A Scalable Backbone for Low-power AI at the Edge","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210269029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3510832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019442580","display_name":"Francesco Paissan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-7935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Paissan","raw_affiliation_strings":["E3DA Unit, Digital Society Center - Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E3DA Unit, Digital Society Center - Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046416586","display_name":"Alberto Ancilotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-3709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Ancilotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["E3DA Unit, Digital Society Center - Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E3DA Unit, Digital Society Center - Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068548938","display_name":"Elisabetta Farella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Farella","raw_affiliation_strings":["E3DA Unit, Digital Society Center - Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"E3DA Unit, Digital Society Center - Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3212,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93782857,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8969065546989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7007712125778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6627090573310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5569766759872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5497395396232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.538316547870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.49082884192466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45713743567466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.45694172382354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.44108444452285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4269351363182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3821880519390106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25154122710227966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8969065546989441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7007712125778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6627090573310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5569766759872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5497395396232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.538316547870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.49082884192466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45713743567466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.45694172382354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44108444452285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4269351363182068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3821880519390106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25154122710227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3510832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2884821289","https://openalex.org/W2889339831","https://openalex.org/W2962814013","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2967606614","https://openalex.org/W2970796375","https://openalex.org/W2972824267","https://openalex.org/W2975350394","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W3005087657","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3021575660","https://openalex.org/W3098486933","https://openalex.org/W3104218139","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3142170088","https://openalex.org/W3158231001","https://openalex.org/W3163600291","https://openalex.org/W6768287286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4319161913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,69],"the":[1,19,22,25,64,99,128,138,147,206,214],"Internet":[2],"of":[3,54,66,157,194,199,208],"Things":[4],"era,":[5],"where":[6],"we":[7,72,177],"see":[8],"many":[9],"interconnected":[10],"and":[11,14,35,40,62,104,121,124,140,143,168,197,201],"heterogeneous":[12],"mobile":[13],"fixed":[15],"smart":[16],"devices,":[17,50],"distributing":[18],"intelligence":[20,46],"from":[21],"cloud":[23],"to":[24,32,48,97,162],"edge":[26],"has":[27],"become":[28],"a":[29,55,59,76,113,117,152,182],"necessity.":[30],"Due":[31],"limited":[33,41],"computational":[34,100,174],"communication":[36],"capabilities,":[37],"low":[38],"memory":[39],"energy":[42],"budget,":[43],"bringing":[44],"artificial":[45],"algorithms":[47],"peripheral":[49],"such":[51],"as":[52],"end-nodes":[53],"sensor":[56],"network,":[57],"is":[58,216],"challenging":[60],"task":[61],"requires":[63],"design":[65],"innovative":[67],"solutions.":[68],"this":[70],"work,":[71],"present":[73],"PhiNets":[74,88,150,215],",":[75],"new":[77],"scalable":[78],"backbone":[79],"optimized":[80],"for":[81,112,213],"deep-learning-based":[82],"image":[83],"processing":[84],"on":[85,91,137,146,181,186,219],"resource-constrained":[86],"platforms.":[87],"are":[89],"based":[90,185],"inverted":[92],"residual":[93],"blocks":[94],"specifically":[95],"designed":[96],"decouple":[98],"cost,":[101],"working":[102],"memory,":[103,106],"parameter":[105,155],"thus":[107],"exploiting":[108],"all":[109],"available":[110,218],"resources":[111],"given":[114],"platform.":[115],"With":[116],"YoloV2":[118],"detection":[119,136],"head":[120],"Simple":[122],"Online":[123],"Realtime":[125],"Tracking":[126],"(SORT),":[127],"proposed":[129],"architecture":[130],"achieves":[131],"state-of-the-art":[132,164],"results":[133],"in":[134,154,205],"(i)":[135],"COCO":[139],"VOC2012":[141],"benchmarks,":[142],"(ii)":[144],"tracking":[145],"MOT15":[148],"benchmark.":[149],"obtain":[151],"reduction":[153],"count":[156],"around":[158],"90%":[159],"with":[160,172,191],"respect":[161],"previous":[163],"models":[165],"(EfficientNetv1,":[166],"MobileNetv2)":[167],"achieve":[169,202],"better":[170],"performance":[171],"lower":[173],"cost.":[175],"Moreover,":[176],"demonstrate":[178],"our":[179],"approach":[180],"prototype":[183],"node":[184],"an":[187],"STM32H743":[188],"microcontroller":[189],"(MCU)":[190],"2":[192],"MB":[193],"internal":[195],"Flash":[196],"1MB":[198],"RAM":[200],"power":[203],"requirements":[204],"order":[207],"10":[209],"mW.":[210],"The":[211],"code":[212],"publicly":[217],"GitHub.":[220],"1":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}