{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156189202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510831","title":"DynO: Dynamic Onloading of Deep Neural Networks from Cloud to Device","display_name":"DynO: Dynamic Onloading of Deep Neural Networks from Cloud to Device","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156189202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510831","mag":"3156189202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3510831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.09949","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075336328","display_name":"M\u00e1rio Almeida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117523","display_name":"Samsung (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gjq94","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mario Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049130978","display_name":"Stefanos Laskaridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8875-7328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117523","display_name":"Samsung (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gjq94","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefanos Laskaridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033442931","display_name":"Stylianos I. Venieris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-6251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117523","display_name":"Samsung (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gjq94","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stylianos I. Venieris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066833626","display_name":"Ilias Leontiadis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5581-5803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117523","display_name":"Samsung (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gjq94","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilias Leontiadis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045638679","display_name":"Nicholas D. Lane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-8273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117523","display_name":"Samsung (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6gjq94","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210117523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas D. Lane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, &amp; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung AI Center, Cambridge, &amp; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523","https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075336328"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117523"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92974767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8508678674697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.8066596388816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7252067923545837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6389102935791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6338218450546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5684878826141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5048192143440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4848366975784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.48181667923927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4647969603538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.41743382811546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25878065824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.19708868861198425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13169655203819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11004677414894104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8508678674697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.8066596388816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7252067923545837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6389102935791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6338218450546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5684878826141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5048192143440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4848366975784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.48181667923927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4647969603538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.41743382811546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25878065824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.19708868861198425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13169655203819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11004677414894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3510831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.09949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09949","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.09949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.09949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.09949","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.09949","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539178001","https://openalex.org/W1539689205","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W2023380813","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2089657212","https://openalex.org/W2101788345","https://openalex.org/W2168426216","https://openalex.org/W2189350248","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2468875367","https://openalex.org/W2553915786","https://openalex.org/W2593390416","https://openalex.org/W2596356468","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2605258629","https://openalex.org/W2612193523","https://openalex.org/W2616014673","https://openalex.org/W2765121348","https://openalex.org/W2771329008","https://openalex.org/W2793950911","https://openalex.org/W2794670651","https://openalex.org/W2796625795","https://openalex.org/W2798956872","https://openalex.org/W2884928907","https://openalex.org/W2886216548","https://openalex.org/W2892952080","https://openalex.org/W2895298874","https://openalex.org/W2896180420","https://openalex.org/W2904511398","https://openalex.org/W2909189195","https://openalex.org/W2911147127","https://openalex.org/W2920031528","https://openalex.org/W2924431334","https://openalex.org/W2931743911","https://openalex.org/W2945856475","https://openalex.org/W2949628230","https://openalex.org/W2952721922","https://openalex.org/W2962821792","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963122961","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963917524","https://openalex.org/W2964228333","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2971115712","https://openalex.org/W2979832172","https://openalex.org/W2980856918","https://openalex.org/W2982236015","https://openalex.org/W2988271927","https://openalex.org/W2998506323","https://openalex.org/W3009906407","https://openalex.org/W3016075089","https://openalex.org/W3038041907","https://openalex.org/W3040749250","https://openalex.org/W3047681172","https://openalex.org/W3049640275","https://openalex.org/W3088405768","https://openalex.org/W3097981673","https://openalex.org/W3099108236","https://openalex.org/W3102767875","https://openalex.org/W3110875274","https://openalex.org/W3111847652","https://openalex.org/W3147954149","https://openalex.org/W3168652588","https://openalex.org/W3210764291","https://openalex.org/W4245223843","https://openalex.org/W4249516033","https://openalex.org/W4252553205","https://openalex.org/W4298881506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W2536018345","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"there":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"an":[4,164],"explosive":[5],"growth":[6],"of":[7,47,81,113,119,157,166],"mobile":[8],"and":[9,34,57,94,125,135,171],"embedded":[10],"applications":[11],"using":[12],"convolutional":[13],"neural":[14],"networks":[15],"(CNNs).":[16],"To":[17],"alleviate":[18],"their":[19],"excessive":[20],"computational":[21],"demands,":[22],"developers":[23],"have":[24],"traditionally":[25],"resorted":[26],"to":[27,62,84,141,144,173,182],"cloud":[28],"offloading,":[29],"inducing":[30],"high":[31],"infrastructure":[32],"costs":[33],"a":[35,73],"strong":[36],"dependence":[37],"on":[38],"networking":[39],"conditions.":[40],"On":[41],"the":[42,45,79,111,120,132,154,158],"other":[43],"end,":[44],"emergence":[46],"powerful":[48],"SoCs":[49],"is":[50],"gradually":[51],"enabling":[52],"on-device":[53],"execution.":[54],"Nonetheless,":[55],"low-":[56],"mid-tier":[58],"platforms":[59],"still":[60],"struggle":[61],"run":[63],"state-of-the-art":[64],"CNNs":[65],"sufficiently.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68,101],"article,":[69],"we":[70],"present":[71],"DynO,":[72],"distributed":[74],"inference":[75,143],"framework":[76],"that":[77,99,151],"combines":[78],"best":[80],"both":[82],"worlds":[83],"address":[85],"several":[86],"challenges,":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"device":[90],"heterogeneity,":[91],"varying":[92],"bandwidth,":[93],"multi-objective":[95],"requirements.":[96],"Key":[97],"components":[98],"enable":[100],"are":[102],"its":[103,126,145],"novel":[104,127],"CNN-specific":[105],"data":[106,137,185],"packing":[107],"method,":[108],"which":[109,129],"exploits":[110],"variability":[112],"precision":[114,138],"needs":[115],"in":[116],"different":[117],"parts":[118],"CNN":[121,177],"when":[122],"onloading":[123],"computation,":[124],"scheduler,":[128],"jointly":[130],"tunes":[131],"partition":[133],"point":[134],"transferred":[136],"at":[139],"runtime":[140],"adapt":[142],"execution":[146,170],"environment.":[147],"Quantitative":[148],"evaluation":[149],"shows":[150],"DynO":[152],"outperforms":[153],"current":[155],"state":[156],"art,":[159],"improving":[160],"throughput":[161],"by":[162],"over":[163,168,175],"order":[165],"magnitude":[167],"device-only":[169],"up":[172,181],"7.9\u00d7":[174],"competing":[176],"offloading":[178],"systems,":[179],"with":[180],"60\u00d7":[183],"less":[184],"transferred.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
