{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284681867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510003.3510149","title":"Automated assertion generation via information retrieval and its integration with deep learning","display_name":"Automated assertion generation via information retrieval and its integration with deep learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284681867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510003.3510149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3510003.3510149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510003.3510149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608872","display_name":"Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027133048","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-7612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102858698","display_name":"Yiling Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-0693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiling Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010147187","display_name":"Ke Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-9889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032514248","display_name":"Dezhi Ran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-255X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dezhi Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048118068","display_name":"Tao Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6731-216X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085393851","display_name":"Dan Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8295-303X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414277","display_name":"Ying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6278-2357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447682","display_name":"Ge Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-0186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012567911","display_name":"Qianxiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-0041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianxiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies CO., LTD., China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies CO., LTD., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027133048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9724478,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"163","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assertion","display_name":"Assertion","score":0.8858454823493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8179966807365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.7540392875671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5275007486343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit-testing","display_name":"Unit testing","score":0.5259718298912048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4848845899105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4734054505825043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4396517276763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4357425570487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4241289496421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4132530689239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22701483964920044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.8858454823493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8179966807365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.7540392875671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5275007486343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148027188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907375","display_name":"Unit testing","level":3,"score":0.5259718298912048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4848845899105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4734054505825043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4396517276763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4357425570487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4241289496421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4132530689239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22701483964920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3510003.3510149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3510003.3510149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608872","display_name":"Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8821883043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62161146003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569478347","https://openalex.org/W1505962635","https://openalex.org/W1607519102","https://openalex.org/W1965194038","https://openalex.org/W1971650562","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W1992055950","https://openalex.org/W2001891794","https://openalex.org/W2014309790","https://openalex.org/W2037313217","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2103260577","https://openalex.org/W2115317346","https://openalex.org/W2122987706","https://openalex.org/W2123570619","https://openalex.org/W2126129257","https://openalex.org/W2128581098","https://openalex.org/W2134825350","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2138378644","https://openalex.org/W2548465910","https://openalex.org/W2608787653","https://openalex.org/W2682664750","https://openalex.org/W2741705590","https://openalex.org/W2793776506","https://openalex.org/W2795249023","https://openalex.org/W2807964941","https://openalex.org/W2884276923","https://openalex.org/W2888328667","https://openalex.org/W2899171197","https://openalex.org/W2907705732","https://openalex.org/W2949297108","https://openalex.org/W2954552517","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2963382396","https://openalex.org/W2967096374","https://openalex.org/W3001434439","https://openalex.org/W3005628256","https://openalex.org/W3014339000","https://openalex.org/W3080189793","https://openalex.org/W3093871477","https://openalex.org/W3099023595","https://openalex.org/W3099333834","https://openalex.org/W3105903381","https://openalex.org/W3195442242","https://openalex.org/W4245950452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498103021","https://openalex.org/W4230849338","https://openalex.org/W4295166216","https://openalex.org/W2177044681","https://openalex.org/W1968067090","https://openalex.org/W2345942070","https://openalex.org/W2141398161","https://openalex.org/W2016410697","https://openalex.org/W39611005","https://openalex.org/W2012220159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unit":[0],"testing":[1],"could":[2,177],"be":[3,178,194],"used":[4],"to":[5,57,92,125,136,182],"validate":[6],"the":[7,13,26,73,82,89,106,113,139,150,160,198,214],"correctness":[8],"of":[9,12,75,108,115],"basic":[10],"units":[11],"software":[14,185,218],"system":[15],"under":[16],"test.":[17],"To":[18,80],"reduce":[19],"manual":[20],"efforts":[21],"in":[22,84,97,203],"conducting":[23],"unit":[24,36,62,69],"testing,":[25],"research":[27,199,215],"community":[28,200,216],"has":[29],"contributed":[30],"with":[31,130,159],"tools":[32],"that":[33,145,174,202],"automatically":[34],"generate":[35,58],"test":[37,40,43,63],"cases,":[38],"including":[39,105],"inputs":[41],"and":[42,100,112,154,180,192],"oracles":[44],"(e.g.,":[45,134],"assertions).":[46],"Recently,":[47],"ATLAS,":[48],"a":[49,61,131],"deep":[50,206],"learning":[51,207],"(DL)":[52],"based":[53,64],"approach,":[54,104,153],"was":[55],"proposed":[56],"assertions":[59],"for":[60,184,217],"on":[65],"other":[66],"already":[67],"written":[68],"tests.":[70],"Despite":[71],"promising,":[72],"effectiveness":[74],"ATLAS":[76],"is":[77],"still":[78],"limited.":[79],"improve":[81,138],"effectiveness,":[83],"this":[85],"work,":[86],"we":[87,120],"make":[88],"first":[90],"attempt":[91],"leverage":[93],"Information":[94],"Retrieval":[95],"(IR)":[96],"assertion":[98,110,190],"generation":[99],"propose":[101,121],"an":[102,122,171],"IR-based":[103,109,128,147,157],"technique":[107,114],"retrieval":[111,176],"retrieved-assertion":[116],"adaptation.":[117],"In":[118],"addition,":[119],"integration":[123],"approach":[124,129,133,148,158,162],"combine":[126],"our":[127,146,156],"DL-based":[132,152,161],"ATLAS)":[135],"further":[137,164],"effectiveness.":[140],"Our":[141,168],"experimental":[142],"results":[143,169],"show":[144],"outperforms":[149],"state-of-the-art":[151],"integrating":[155],"can":[163],"achieve":[165],"higher":[166],"accuracy.":[167],"convey":[170],"important":[172],"message":[173],"information":[175],"competitive":[179],"worthwhile":[181],"pursue":[183],"engineering":[186,219],"tasks":[187],"such":[188],"as":[189],"generation,":[191],"should":[193],"seriously":[195],"considered":[196],"by":[197,213],"given":[201],"recent":[204],"years":[205],"solutions":[208],"have":[209],"been":[210],"over-popularly":[211],"adopted":[212],"tasks.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}