{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3171712046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508352.3549479","title":"Equivalence Checking of Dynamic Quantum Circuits","display_name":"Equivalence Checking of Dynamic Quantum Circuits","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3171712046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508352.3549479","mag":"3171712046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3508352.3549479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508352.3549479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608844","display_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.01658","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036946454","display_name":"Xin Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-5011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022869475","display_name":"Yuan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-3896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108049690","display_name":"Sanjiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3332-2546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023088481","display_name":"Mingsheng Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-702X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingsheng Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036946454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83386306,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.639641284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.594677209854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.5901410579681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-equivalence-checking","display_name":"Formal equivalence checking","score":0.5818614363670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5267623662948608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5211072564125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.5208740234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5184552073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5162560939788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.493762344121933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4522084891796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.4139839708805084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.37030720710754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.32806867361068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.270069420337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2522197961807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1914042830467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.1794319748878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13542890548706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08212858438491821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.639641284942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.594677209854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.5901410579681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96654402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469962","display_name":"Formal equivalence checking","level":3,"score":0.5818614363670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5267623662948608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5211072564125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5208740234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5184552073478699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5162560939788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.493762344121933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4522084891796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4139839708805084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.37030720710754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.32806867361068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.270069420337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2522197961807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1914042830467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1794319748878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13542890548706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08212858438491821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3508352.3549479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508352.3549479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608844","display_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.01658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.01658","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.01658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.01658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2106.01658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.01658","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.01658","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.01658","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W294073838","https://openalex.org/W1631356911","https://openalex.org/W1967037487","https://openalex.org/W1969546033","https://openalex.org/W1978553093","https://openalex.org/W2030224590","https://openalex.org/W2032282864","https://openalex.org/W2072969317","https://openalex.org/W2074283613","https://openalex.org/W2092494161","https://openalex.org/W2097527197","https://openalex.org/W2099939664","https://openalex.org/W2124733663","https://openalex.org/W2152429022","https://openalex.org/W2203382396","https://openalex.org/W2336782306","https://openalex.org/W2482129511","https://openalex.org/W2502126115","https://openalex.org/W2610480027","https://openalex.org/W2766460815","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2783364275","https://openalex.org/W2791747373","https://openalex.org/W2885845431","https://openalex.org/W2897264299","https://openalex.org/W2915942609","https://openalex.org/W2952758851","https://openalex.org/W2962822640","https://openalex.org/W2992214704","https://openalex.org/W2995811874","https://openalex.org/W3013344133","https://openalex.org/W3033935884","https://openalex.org/W3080724058","https://openalex.org/W3083463047","https://openalex.org/W3105805905","https://openalex.org/W3106326670","https://openalex.org/W3127557285","https://openalex.org/W3197898955","https://openalex.org/W3212034829","https://openalex.org/W4214951473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409877639","https://openalex.org/W4388704119","https://openalex.org/W2910123824","https://openalex.org/W4200149527","https://openalex.org/W4281550036","https://openalex.org/W3206120658","https://openalex.org/W4390992964","https://openalex.org/W3119323601","https://openalex.org/W3131420525","https://openalex.org/W3101020049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,45,63,71,103,125,135],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,18,62,88,97,99,106,127],"quantum":[5,10,30,36,78,147],"computing":[6],"these":[7],"years,":[8],"state-of-the-art":[9],"devices":[11,31],"still":[12],"contain":[13],"only":[14],"a":[15,77,85,152],"limited":[16],"number":[17],"qubits.":[19],"One":[20],"possible":[21],"way":[22],"to":[23,33,58,75,130],"execute":[24],"more":[25],"realistic":[26],"algorithms":[27],"in":[28,95],"near-term":[29],"is":[32],"employ":[34],"dynamic":[35],"circuits":[37,148],"(DQCs).":[38],"In":[39,80],"DQCs,":[40],"measurements":[41],"can":[42,50,67],"happen":[43],"during":[44],"circuit,":[46],"and":[47,56,90,123,155],"their":[48,93,116],"outcomes":[49],"be":[51],"processed":[52],"with":[53],"classical":[54,143],"computers":[55],"used":[57],"control":[59],"other":[60],"parts":[61],"circuit.":[64],"This":[65],"technique":[66],"help":[68],"significantly":[69],"reduce":[70,124],"qubit":[72],"resources":[73],"required":[74],"implement":[76,115],"algorithm.":[79],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83],"give":[84],"formal":[86],"definition":[87],"DQCs":[89,111,129],"then":[91],"characterise":[92],"functionality":[94,117],"terms":[96],"ensembles":[98],"linear":[100],"operators,":[101],"following":[102],"Kraus":[104],"representation":[105],"superoperators.":[107],"We":[108],"further":[109],"interpret":[110],"as":[112,118],"tensor":[113,119],"networks,":[114],"decision":[120],"diagrams":[121],"(TDDs),":[122],"equivalence":[126],"two":[128],"checking":[131],"if":[132],"they":[133],"have":[134],"same":[136],"TDD":[137],"representation.":[138],"Experiments":[139],"show":[140],"that":[141],"embedding":[142],"logic":[144],"into":[145],"conventional":[146],"does":[149],"not":[150],"incur":[151],"significant":[153],"time":[154],"space":[156],"burden.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-06-22T00:00:00"}