{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226171825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508259.3508291","title":"Machine Learning for In-Circuit Testing of Printed Circuit Board Assembly","display_name":"Machine Learning for In-Circuit Testing of Printed Circuit Board Assembly","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226171825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508259.3508291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3508259.3508291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508259.3508291","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 4th Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032661288","display_name":"Malinka Ivanova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-6226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31151848","display_name":"Technical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/052prhs50","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31151848"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Malinka Ivanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31151848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069809844","display_name":"Nikolay Petkov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-8341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31151848","display_name":"Technical University of Sofia","ror":"https://ror.org/052prhs50","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31151848"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolay Petkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31151848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032661288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31151848"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69375197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"221","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printed-circuit-board","display_name":"Printed circuit board","score":0.8288365602493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5738959908485413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-extraction","display_name":"Circuit extraction","score":0.4196586608886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3110840320587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalent-circuit","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","score":0.2811800241470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21669483184814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08261018991470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08234810829162598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.8288365602493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5738959908485413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26490066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17006835","display_name":"Circuit extraction","level":4,"score":0.4196586608886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3110840320587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23572009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964981","display_name":"Equivalent circuit","level":3,"score":0.2811800241470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21669483184814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08261018991470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08234810829162598}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3508259.3508291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3508259.3508291","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 4th Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095668306","https://openalex.org/W2137037128","https://openalex.org/W3014939941","https://openalex.org/W3113545549","https://openalex.org/W4249484874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4252608911","https://openalex.org/W2184913151","https://openalex.org/W4387303494","https://openalex.org/W3000095664","https://openalex.org/W3211049872","https://openalex.org/W4387884733","https://openalex.org/W2078581307","https://openalex.org/W1895690637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Testing":[0],"is":[1,95,108,126],"an":[2],"important":[3],"procedure":[4],"in":[5,41],"a":[6,39,132],"manufacturing":[7],"process":[8,151],"that":[9],"leads":[10],"to":[11,59,66,128],"fabrication":[12],"of":[13,31,43,50,104,118,131],"high":[14,98],"quality":[15],"electronic":[16],"components":[17],"and":[18,29,33,62,81,97,112,122,142],"modules.":[19],"It":[20],"can":[21],"be":[22,60,67],"facilitated":[23],"through":[24],"applying":[25],"machine":[26,70],"learning":[27,71,134],"techniques":[28],"development":[30],"predictive":[32],"analytical":[34],"models.":[35],"The":[36,92,116,136],"paper":[37],"presents":[38],"method":[40],"support":[42],"test":[44],"engineers":[45],"at":[46],"the":[47,86,105,129,145,149,153],"In-Circuit":[48],"testing":[49,63],"Printed":[51,154],"Circuit":[52,155],"Board":[53,156],"Assembly":[54],"when":[55,102],"decision":[56],"making":[57],"has":[58,65],"performed":[61],"problem":[64,89],"solved.":[68],"Supervised":[69],"algorithms:":[72],"Support":[73,119],"Vector":[74,120],"Machine":[75,121],"for":[76,84,110,114],"resolving":[77],"binary":[78],"classification":[79,88,143],"tasks":[80],"Random":[82,123],"Forest":[83,124],"deciding":[85],"multi-class":[87],"are":[90,100],"utilized.":[91],"learners\u2019":[93],"accuracy":[94,117,130],"evaluated":[96],"results":[99],"achieved":[101],"70%":[103],"data":[106],"set":[107],"used":[109],"training":[111],"30%":[113],"testing.":[115],"algorithms":[125],"compared":[127],"deep":[133],"algorithm.":[135],"proposed":[137],"approach":[138],"gives":[139],"precise":[140],"analysis":[141],"regarding":[144],"defects":[146],"occurred":[147],"during":[148],"mounting":[150],"on":[152],"Assembly.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
