{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229066873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3507657.3528559","title":"Measuring the Deployment of 5G Security Enhancement","display_name":"Measuring the Deployment of 5G Security Enhancement","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229066873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3507657.3528559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3507657.3528559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3507657.3528559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050981160","display_name":"Shiyue Nie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shiyue Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395383","display_name":"Yiming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-4664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041005536","display_name":"Tao Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2962-4066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CableLabs &amp; Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CableLabs &amp; Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067799841","display_name":"Haixin Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-733X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixin Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University &amp; QI-ANXIN Technology Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University &amp; QI-ANXIN Technology Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448180","display_name":"Song Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5611-1517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050981160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92956529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"169","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6545262336730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6396494507789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.603106677532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5866921544075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4919321537017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.48756903409957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.4835967421531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-access-control","display_name":"Network Access Control","score":0.4630484879016876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.3982672691345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.23115870356559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.17491480708122253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6545262336730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6396494507789612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.603106677532196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5866921544075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4919321537017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.48756903409957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.4835967421531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14982408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11006334","display_name":"Network Access Control","level":4,"score":0.4630484879016876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.3982672691345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.23115870356559753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.17491480708122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3507657.3528559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3507657.3528559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187201788","https://openalex.org/W2592873583","https://openalex.org/W2792636363","https://openalex.org/W2794045175","https://openalex.org/W2929535634","https://openalex.org/W2932741641","https://openalex.org/W2945154566","https://openalex.org/W2946618605","https://openalex.org/W2970980649","https://openalex.org/W3003760462","https://openalex.org/W3008993478","https://openalex.org/W3029680783","https://openalex.org/W3160184341","https://openalex.org/W3176721475","https://openalex.org/W3212616196","https://openalex.org/W4289038676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065250680","https://openalex.org/W2348567840","https://openalex.org/W2390665136","https://openalex.org/W2092708554","https://openalex.org/W2353177111","https://openalex.org/W4206199931","https://openalex.org/W2336014427","https://openalex.org/W2379266188","https://openalex.org/W2093477862","https://openalex.org/W2210929881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,122],"fifth-generation(5G)":[1],"cellular":[2],"network":[3],"is":[4,13,39],"entering":[5],"an":[6],"era":[7],"of":[8,81,114,141],"rapid":[9],"development.":[10],"Not":[11],"only":[12],"5G":[14,26,42,51,60,75,82,116,119,130,165],"supposed":[15],"to":[16,164],"be":[17],"fast,":[18],"it":[19],"also":[20],"offers":[21],"enhanced":[22],"security":[23,27,43,52,83,99,120,131,150],"based":[24],"on":[25],"specifications":[28],"developed":[29],"by":[30],"the":[31,93,112,139],"3rd":[32],"Generation":[33],"Partnership":[34],"Project":[35],"(3GPP).":[36],"However,":[37],"little":[38],"known":[40],"about":[41],"in":[44,58,84,92,138],"real":[45,85,134],"world":[46,86,135],"deployment.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"analyzes":[50],"features":[53],"and":[54,64,72,104,133,144,159],"measures":[55],"their":[56],"implementation":[57],"commercial":[59,74,115,166],"networks.":[61,167],"By":[62],"collecting":[63],"analyzing":[65],"signaling":[66],"messages":[67],"between":[68,129],"a":[69],"cell":[70],"phone":[71],"several":[73],"networks,":[76],"we":[77],"measured":[78],"multiple":[79],"aspects":[80],"deployment":[87],"including,":[88],"crypto":[89],"algorithms":[90],"used":[91],"control":[94],"plane,":[95],"user":[96,154],"plane":[97],"(UP)":[98],"activation,":[100],"subscriber":[101,145],"identifier":[102,146],"protection,":[103],"initial":[105],"None-Access":[106],"Stratum(NAS)":[107],"message":[108],"protection.":[109,147],"We":[110],"evaluated":[111],"compliance":[113],"networks":[117],"with":[118],"specifications.":[121],"results":[123],"show":[124],"that":[125],"major":[126],"discrepancy":[127],"exists":[128],"standards":[132],"deployment,":[136],"especially":[137],"areas":[140],"UP":[142],"protection":[143],"Therefore,":[148],"well-known":[149],"risks,":[151],"such":[152],"as":[153],"data":[155],"leakage,":[156],"location":[157],"exposure":[158],"Denial-of-Service(DoS)":[160],"attacks,":[161],"still":[162],"apply":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
