{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293153845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503229.3547055","title":"On the relation of variability modeling languages and non-functional properties","display_name":"On the relation of variability modeling languages and non-functional properties","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293153845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503229.3547055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503229.3547055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503229.3547055","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference - Volume B","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032180080","display_name":"Daniel Friesel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-9440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Birte Friesel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osnabr\u00fcck University, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osnabr\u00fcck University, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017306399","display_name":"Michael M\u00fcller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael M\u00fcller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osnabr\u00fcck University, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osnabr\u00fcck University, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070047691","display_name":"Matheus Ferraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-3115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matheus Ferraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osnabr\u00fcck University, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osnabr\u00fcck University, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064795460","display_name":"Olaf Spinczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9469-2367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170658231","display_name":"Osnabr\u00fcck University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qmmjx98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olaf Spinczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osnabr\u00fcck University, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osnabr\u00fcck University, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170658231"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1687,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41217839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"140","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7899047136306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-product-line","display_name":"Software product line","score":0.5983889698982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5752191543579102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5360880494117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4995713233947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4890221059322357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4789167642593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.47356927394866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4725703299045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4624737501144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.457621693611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-lines-of-code","display_name":"Source lines of code","score":0.4458247423171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.43789204955101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42486703395843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.420485258102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.4135814607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2930094301700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.26326870918273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.12115484476089478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7899047136306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111823","display_name":"Software product line","level":4,"score":0.5983889698982239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5752191543579102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5360880494117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4995713233947754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4890221059322357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4789167642593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.47356927394866943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4725703299045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4624737501144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.457621693611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199519371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942695","display_name":"Source lines of code","level":3,"score":0.4458247423171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43789204955101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42486703395843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.420485258102417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.4135814607143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2930094301700592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.26326870918273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.12115484476089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503229.3547055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503229.3547055","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 26th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference - Volume B","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2737273885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"28DK102E20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335545","funder_display_name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft und Ern\u00e4hrung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3849826861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SP 968/9-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335545","display_name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Landwirtschaft und Ern\u00e4hrung","ror":"https://ror.org/01526pb12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28407686","https://openalex.org/W1968560832","https://openalex.org/W1979037869","https://openalex.org/W1986958631","https://openalex.org/W1987519845","https://openalex.org/W2027600005","https://openalex.org/W2108046820","https://openalex.org/W2769879317","https://openalex.org/W3145442896","https://openalex.org/W3148125709","https://openalex.org/W3197859799","https://openalex.org/W4213074838","https://openalex.org/W4283702788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3004570974","https://openalex.org/W4381198270","https://openalex.org/W4288080276","https://openalex.org/W4237272942","https://openalex.org/W3105287819","https://openalex.org/W4283697402","https://openalex.org/W3207030554","https://openalex.org/W2070533127","https://openalex.org/W2186856397","https://openalex.org/W2947167994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-functional":[0],"properties":[1,20],"(NFPs)":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4,16,18,167],"code":[5],"size":[6],"(RAM,":[7],"ROM),":[8],"performance,":[9],"and":[10,110,120,147,155,159,182],"energy":[11],"consumption":[12],"are":[13],"at":[14],"least":[15],"important":[17],"functional":[19],"in":[21,34,65,114],"many":[22],"software":[23,29,137],"development":[24,118],"domains.":[25],"When":[26],"configuring":[27],"a":[28,74,123,209],"product":[30,52,138,203],"line":[31],"-":[32,41],"especially":[33],"the":[35,47,50,66,79,117,141,148,176,197,216],"area":[36],"of":[37,46,49,104,116,178,199,213,218],"resource-constrained":[38],"embedded":[39,201],"systems":[40],"developers":[42],"must":[43],"be":[44,93],"aware":[45],"NFPs":[48],"configured":[51],"instance.":[53],"Several":[54],"NFP-aware":[55,106],"variability":[56,75,107,186],"modeling":[57,76,108],"languages":[58],"have":[59],"been":[60],"proposed":[61,162],"to":[62],"address":[63],"this":[64,99],"past.":[67],"However,":[68],"it":[69],"is":[70,78,127,132,220],"not":[71],"clear":[72],"whether":[73,87],"language":[77],"best":[80],"place":[81],"for":[82],"handling":[83],"NFP-related":[84],"concerns,":[85],"or":[86],"separate":[88,124,168],"NFP":[89,125,169,191],"prediction":[90],"models":[91,173,187],"should":[92],"preferred.":[94],"We":[95,152],"shine":[96],"light":[97],"onto":[98],"question":[100],"by":[101],"discussing":[102],"limitations":[103],"state-of-the-art":[105],"languages,":[109],"find":[111],"that":[112],"both":[113],"terms":[115],"process":[119],"model":[121,126],"accuracy":[122],"favorable.":[128],"Our":[129],"quantitative":[130],"analysis":[131],"based":[133],"on":[134],"six":[135],"different":[136],"lines,":[139],"including":[140],"widely":[142],"used":[143],"busybox":[144],"multi-call":[145],"binary":[146],"x264":[149],"video":[150],"encoder.":[151],"use":[153],"classification":[154],"regression":[156],"trees":[157],"(CART)":[158],"our":[160],"recently":[161],"Regression":[163],"Model":[164],"Trees":[165],"[8]":[166],"models.":[170],"These":[171],"tree-based":[172],"can":[174],"cover":[175],"effects":[177],"arbitrary":[179],"feature":[180],"interactions":[181],"thus":[183],"easily":[184],"outperform":[185],"with":[188,208],"static,":[189],"feature-wise":[190],"annotations.":[192],"For":[193],"example,":[194],"when":[195],"estimating":[196],"throughput":[198],"an":[200],"AI":[202],"line,":[204],"static":[205],"annotations":[206],"come":[207],"mean":[210],"generalization":[211],"error":[212,217],"114.5%":[214],"while":[215],"CART":[219],"only":[221],"9.4":[222],"%.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2022-08-27T00:00:00"}