{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3162395899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3551570","title":"3D-CNN for Facial Micro- and Macro-expression Spotting on Long Video Sequences using Temporal Oriented Reference Frame","display_name":"3D-CNN for Facial Micro- and Macro-expression Spotting on Long Video Sequences using Temporal Oriented Reference Frame","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3162395899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3551570","mag":"3162395899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503161.3551570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3551570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608757","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006546933","display_name":"Chuin Hong Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-9308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuin Hong Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037771946","display_name":"Moi Hoon Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7681-4287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moi Hoon Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007324349","display_name":"Adrian K. Davison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-0209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Davison","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040767315","display_name":"Connah Kendrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-6598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Connah Kendrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101525172","display_name":"Jingting Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8742-8488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131870","display_name":"Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7v5j15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210131870"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingting Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066403927","display_name":"Sujing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-6328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131870","display_name":"Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03j7v5j15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210131870"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su-Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009412175","display_name":"Ryan Cunningham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-6515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006546933"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0443,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93860894,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7016","last_page":"7020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.8326523303985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7685637474060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.7685315608978271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7284665703773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.7042898535728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6387820243835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.598410964012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4925309121608734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.4840790331363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-frame","display_name":"Reference frame","score":0.45872849225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4566655457019806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34788018465042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1101224422454834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.8326523303985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7685637474060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.7685315608978271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7284665703773499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.7042898535728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6387820243835449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.598410964012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4925309121608734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.4840790331363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172849965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148875","display_name":"Reference frame","level":3,"score":0.45872849225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4566655457019806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34788018465042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1101224422454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503161.3551570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3551570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608757","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:632528","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/view/authors/46bacf4b309f18e376847d445a4661e4.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401617","display_name":"e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","host_organization_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:/ir.psych.ac.cn:311026/44785","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/44785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196583","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210131870","host_organization_name":"Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/f6759a26-72e0-44d1-93cb-49c5c908e6ea","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/f6759a26-72e0-44d1-93cb-49c5c908e6ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557496603","https://openalex.org/W2006426145","https://openalex.org/W2031879798","https://openalex.org/W2044106642","https://openalex.org/W2072038603","https://openalex.org/W2103018059","https://openalex.org/W2127230474","https://openalex.org/W2139675209","https://openalex.org/W2149731110","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2426188534","https://openalex.org/W2546302380","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2790282332","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2883583014","https://openalex.org/W2885905848","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963966377","https://openalex.org/W2964097128","https://openalex.org/W2975349519","https://openalex.org/W2998130166","https://openalex.org/W3012119275","https://openalex.org/W3128209522","https://openalex.org/W3128516613","https://openalex.org/W3128621833","https://openalex.org/W3128811047","https://openalex.org/W3128946893","https://openalex.org/W3188422603","https://openalex.org/W3206283519","https://openalex.org/W4205285111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034439647","https://openalex.org/W3184921334","https://openalex.org/W4249589822","https://openalex.org/W2103063669","https://openalex.org/W4380551034","https://openalex.org/W4386895402","https://openalex.org/W3202382261","https://openalex.org/W1975907365","https://openalex.org/W2204864382","https://openalex.org/W1909182616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"expression":[1],"spotting":[2,16],"is":[3,22,52],"the":[4],"preliminary":[5],"step":[6],"for":[7,62,112,150],"micro-":[8,106],"and":[9,107,154],"macro-expression":[10,108],"analysis.":[11],"The":[12],"task":[13],"of":[14,40,47,157],"reliably":[15],"such":[17,67],"expressions":[18],"in":[19,125],"video":[20],"sequences":[21],"currently":[23],"unsolved.":[24],"Current":[25],"best":[26],"systems":[27],"depend":[28],"upon":[29],"optical":[30],"flow":[31,51],"methods":[32],"to":[33,54,104],"extract":[34],"regional":[35],"motion":[36,42],"features,":[37],"before":[38],"categorisation":[39],"that":[41,120],"into":[43],"a":[44,59,74,88,126,137,146],"specific":[45],"class":[46],"facial":[48],"movement.":[49],"Optical":[50],"susceptible":[53],"drift":[55],"error,":[56],"which":[57],"introduces":[58],"serious":[60],"problem":[61],"motions":[63],"with":[64,93],"long-term":[65],"dependencies,":[66],"as":[68,159],"high":[69,127],"frame-rate":[70,128,139],"macro-expression.":[71],"We":[72,144],"propose":[73],"purely":[75],"deep":[76],"learning":[77],"solution":[78,122],"which,":[79],"rather":[80],"than":[81,136],"tracking":[82],"frame":[83,92],"differential":[84],"motion,":[85],"compares":[86],"via":[87],"convolutional":[89],"model,":[90],"each":[91],"two":[94],"temporally":[95],"local":[96],"reference":[97],"frames.":[98],"Reference":[99],"frames":[100],"are":[101],"sampled":[102],"according":[103],"calculated":[105],"duration.":[109],"As":[110],"baseline":[111,160],"MEGC2021":[113],"using":[114],"leave-one-subject-out":[115],"evaluation":[116],"method,":[117],"we":[118],"show":[119],"our":[121],"performed":[123],"better":[124],"(200":[129],"fps)":[130,141],"SAMM":[131],"long":[132],"videos":[133],"dataset":[134,149],"(SAMM-LV)":[135],"low":[138],"(30":[140],"(CAS(ME)2)":[142],"dataset.":[143],"introduce":[145],"new":[147],"unseen":[148],"MEGC2022":[151],"challenge":[152],"(MEGC2022-testSet)":[153],"achieves":[155],"F1-Score":[156],"0.1531":[158],"result.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}