{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4304084053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548082","title":"Pixel-Level Anomaly Detection via Uncertainty-aware Prototypical Transformer","display_name":"Pixel-Level Anomaly Detection via Uncertainty-aware Prototypical Transformer","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4304084053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503161.3548082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608757","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101441843","display_name":"Chao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-2171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063403522","display_name":"Chengliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5983-8981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459168","display_name":"Zheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-6998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen &amp; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen &amp; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102002641","display_name":"Zhihao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-0614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017617923","display_name":"Jie Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-2379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000581688","display_name":"Qiuping Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-9343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuping Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359961","display_name":"Yong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen &amp; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen &amp; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101441843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90756303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"521","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8926040530204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6788623332977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6007742881774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.599656879901886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5714200139045715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.48985740542411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.43756672739982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3748103678226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35932135581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3498871326446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32009756565093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20060494542121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12382334470748901}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8926040530204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6788623332977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6007742881774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.599656879901886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5714200139045715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.48985740542411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.43756672739982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3748103678226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35932135581970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3498871326446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32009756565093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20060494542121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12382334470748901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503161.3548082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608757","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1917465580","https://openalex.org/W1994922096","https://openalex.org/W2008359794","https://openalex.org/W2021088830","https://openalex.org/W2077474654","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2285968993","https://openalex.org/W2322020277","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2884490794","https://openalex.org/W2914911817","https://openalex.org/W2965563166","https://openalex.org/W2979515228","https://openalex.org/W2999580839","https://openalex.org/W3009454144","https://openalex.org/W3035240825","https://openalex.org/W3086725547","https://openalex.org/W3090492687","https://openalex.org/W3092344722","https://openalex.org/W3092738584","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3154314696","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3173345775","https://openalex.org/W3175716777","https://openalex.org/W3176309086","https://openalex.org/W3176524055","https://openalex.org/W3177004386","https://openalex.org/W3177634011","https://openalex.org/W3203700770","https://openalex.org/W3204995672","https://openalex.org/W3209806402","https://openalex.org/W3217610095","https://openalex.org/W4210593721","https://openalex.org/W4214601425","https://openalex.org/W4225524821","https://openalex.org/W4225624178","https://openalex.org/W4285154053","https://openalex.org/W6600459194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390516098","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W2181948922","https://openalex.org/W2384362569","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2053596378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pixel-level":[0],"visual":[1,77],"anomaly":[2,72,78,113,124,129,168,191],"detection,":[3],"which":[4,62],"aims":[5],"to":[6,31,73,92,105,119,139,144,148],"recognize":[7],"the":[8,32,36,43,67,96,103,107,121,128,141,146,151,156,172],"abnormal":[9],"areas":[10,153],"from":[11],"images,":[12],"plays":[13],"an":[14,57,112,133],"important":[15],"role":[16],"in":[17],"industrial":[18],"fault":[19],"detection":[20,114,125,130,142,158,169,192],"and":[21,41,48,69,94,154,177],"medical":[22],"diagnosis.":[23],"However,":[24],"it":[25],"is":[26,117,137],"a":[27,86,161],"challenging":[28],"task":[29],"due":[30],"following":[33],"reasons:":[34],"i)":[35],"large":[37],"variation":[38],"of":[39,71,99,109,123,174],"anomalies;":[40],"ii)":[42],"ambiguous":[44],"boundary":[45],"between":[46],"anomalies":[47,100],"their":[49],"normal":[50],"surroundings.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53,81],"work,":[54],"we":[55,83],"present":[56],"uncertainty-aware":[58,134],"prototypical":[59,97],"transformer":[60,90,135],"(UPformer),":[61],"takes":[63],"into":[64],"account":[65],"both":[66],"diversity":[68,108],"uncertainty":[70,115,178],"achieve":[74],"accurate":[75,167],"pixel-level":[76],"detection.":[79],"To":[80],"end,":[82],"first":[84],"design":[85],"memory-guided":[87],"prototype":[88,175],"learning":[89,176],"encoder":[91],"learn":[93,120],"memorize":[95],"representations":[98],"for":[101,126],"enabling":[102],"model":[104,147],"capture":[106],"anomalies.":[110],"Additionally,":[111],"quantizer":[116],"designed":[118],"distributions":[122],"measuring":[127],"uncertainty.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"decoder":[136],"proposed":[138],"leverage":[140],"uncertainties":[143],"guide":[145],"focus":[149],"on":[150,182],"uncertain":[152],"generate":[155],"final":[157],"results.":[159],"As":[160],"result,":[162],"our":[163,187],"method":[164,188],"achieves":[165,189],"more":[166],"by":[170],"combining":[171],"benefits":[173],"estimation.":[179],"Experimental":[180],"results":[181],"five":[183],"datasets":[184],"indicate":[185],"that":[186],"state-of-the-art":[190],"performance.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
