{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285428718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548040","title":"Cycle Self-Training for Semi-Supervised Object Detection with Distribution Consistency Reweighting","display_name":"Cycle Self-Training for Semi-Supervised Object Detection with Distribution Consistency Reweighting","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285428718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503161.3548040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548040","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3503161.3548040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608757","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3503161.3548040","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101861886","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-5563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd.), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd.), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427461","display_name":"Bin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9955-9347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115883286","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd.), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd.), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048629905","display_name":"Chunpeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3970-8570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunpeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd.), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd.), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028926076","display_name":"Feng Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-6166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339821","display_name":"Peng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-5219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd.), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence on Electric Power System State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory (State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd.), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6569","last_page":"6578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7961850762367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.690757155418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6676231622695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5770894885063171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.4773145616054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.472903847694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4488796889781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44859257340431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.4157227873802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4156329333782196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24372538924217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2385784387588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10761153697967529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7961850762367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.690757155418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6676231622695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5770894885063171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4773145616054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.472903847694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4488796889781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44859257340431213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4157227873802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4156329333782196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24372538924217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2385784387588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10761153697967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503161.3548040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548040","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3503161.3548040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608757","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2207.05334","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05334","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.05334","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3503161.3548040","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3503161.3548040","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3503161.3548040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608757","display_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3288947995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0804203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4486671161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072438,U1936110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6609628049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8569537604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5400-202158333A-0-0-00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","funder_display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326707","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285428718.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4285428718.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2895094948","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2962369866","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2964241181","https://openalex.org/W2970369250","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W2990231018","https://openalex.org/W2996501936","https://openalex.org/W3001197829","https://openalex.org/W3005650525","https://openalex.org/W3011722050","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3021542222","https://openalex.org/W3030520226","https://openalex.org/W3034427487","https://openalex.org/W3035160371","https://openalex.org/W3035473155","https://openalex.org/W3092462694","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3127743092","https://openalex.org/W3130976481","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3158278463","https://openalex.org/W3158661000","https://openalex.org/W3165924303","https://openalex.org/W3172507542","https://openalex.org/W3173770676","https://openalex.org/W3176748778","https://openalex.org/W3178291178","https://openalex.org/W3205500251","https://openalex.org/W3213726189","https://openalex.org/W4288083516","https://openalex.org/W4310658948","https://openalex.org/W4312377253","https://openalex.org/W4366001025","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6745136726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W1973775000","https://openalex.org/W2748922771","https://openalex.org/W1987128138","https://openalex.org/W2743976221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"many":[1],"semi-supervised":[2],"object":[3],"detection":[4],"(SSOD)":[5],"methods":[6,218],"adopt":[7],"teacher-student":[8],"framework":[9,54],"and":[10,63,68,148,177,186,215],"have":[11],"achieved":[12],"state-of-the-art":[13,217],"results.":[14],"However,":[15],"the":[16,23,27,36,45,92,96,100,115,121,126,132,136,143,146,150,155,174,180,182,203,210,213],"teacher":[17,28,116,137],"network":[18,25],"is":[19,29,78,138],"tightly":[20],"coupled":[21],"with":[22,192,224],"student":[24,112,122,147],"since":[26],"an":[30],"exponential":[31],"moving":[32],"average":[33],"(EMA)":[34],"of":[35,59,95,106,134,205],"student,":[37],"which":[38,57,124],"causes":[39],"a":[40,50,74,160],"performance":[41],"bottleneck.":[42],"To":[43,153],"address":[44],"coupling":[46,127],"problem,":[47,156],"we":[48,89,157],"propose":[49,159],"Cycle":[51],"Self-Training":[52],"(CST)":[53],"for":[55,109,120],"SSOD,":[56],"consists":[58],"two":[60,65,183],"teachers":[61,175],"T1":[62,176],"T2,":[64],"students":[66,97,184],"S1":[67,187],"S2.":[69],"Based":[70],"on":[71,170],"these":[72],"networks,":[73],"cycle":[75],"self-training":[76],"mechanism":[77],"built,":[79],"i.e.,":[80],"S1$\\rightarrow":[81],"$T1$\\rightarrow":[82],"$S2$\\rightarrow":[83],"$T2$\\rightarrow":[84],"$S1.":[85],"For":[86,102],"S$\\rightarrow":[87],"$T,":[88],"also":[90,158],"utilize":[91],"EMA":[93],"weights":[94],"to":[98,131,141,196],"update":[99],"teachers.":[101],"T$\\rightarrow":[103],"$S,":[104],"instead":[105],"providing":[107],"supervision":[108],"its":[110],"own":[111],"S1(S2)":[113],"directly,":[114],"T1(T2)":[117],"generates":[118],"pseudo-labels":[119,166],"S2(S1),":[123],"looses":[125],"effect.":[128],"Moreover,":[129],"owing":[130],"property":[133],"EMA,":[135],"most":[139],"likely":[140],"accumulate":[142],"biases":[144],"from":[145],"make":[149],"mistakes":[151],"irreversible.":[152],"mitigate":[154],"distribution":[161,171],"consistency":[162,172],"reweighting":[163],"strategy,":[164,181],"where":[165],"are":[167],"reweighted":[168],"based":[169],"across":[173],"T2.":[178],"With":[179],"S2":[185],"can":[188],"be":[189],"trained":[190],"robustly":[191],"noisy":[193],"pseudo":[194],"labels":[195],"avoid":[197],"confirmation":[198],"biases.":[199],"Extensive":[200],"experiments":[201],"prove":[202],"superiority":[204],"CST":[206],"by":[207,219],"consistently":[208],"improving":[209],"AP":[211,222],"over":[212],"baseline":[214],"outperforming":[216],"2.1%":[220],"absolute":[221],"improvements":[223],"scarce":[225],"labeled":[226],"data.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}