{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284893262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3502718.3524770","title":"An Analysis of Middle Grade Teachers' Debugging Pedagogical Content Knowledge","display_name":"An Analysis of Middle Grade Teachers' Debugging Pedagogical Content Knowledge","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284893262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3502718.3524770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3502718.3524770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3502718.3524770","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Vol. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034762216","display_name":"Jennifer Tsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4338-1187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Tsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044386678","display_name":"David Weintrop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Weintrop","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015650035","display_name":"Diana Franklin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-9805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Franklin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034762216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86683431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"533","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.9734992980957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6398476958274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6062501072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-program-debugging","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","score":0.5546876788139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5138006806373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.41372671723365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.35357749462127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3292432427406311}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.9734992980957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6398476958274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6062501072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136388014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084976","display_name":"Algorithmic program debugging","level":3,"score":0.5546876788139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5138006806373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.41372671723365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.35357749462127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3292432427406311}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3502718.3524770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3502718.3524770","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Conference on on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Vol. 1","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3145263633","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1738758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1017796480","https://openalex.org/W1975464614","https://openalex.org/W1976688797","https://openalex.org/W1990060255","https://openalex.org/W2002824737","https://openalex.org/W2004451884","https://openalex.org/W2017985901","https://openalex.org/W2032172470","https://openalex.org/W2039484845","https://openalex.org/W2054002147","https://openalex.org/W2064239732","https://openalex.org/W2090266317","https://openalex.org/W2092239677","https://openalex.org/W2102734438","https://openalex.org/W2144049026","https://openalex.org/W2146496290","https://openalex.org/W2155788121","https://openalex.org/W2324038938","https://openalex.org/W2593433351","https://openalex.org/W2745758802","https://openalex.org/W2791302163","https://openalex.org/W2801509968","https://openalex.org/W2887985456","https://openalex.org/W2888255022","https://openalex.org/W2915281705","https://openalex.org/W2917995440","https://openalex.org/W2944955368","https://openalex.org/W2965277181","https://openalex.org/W2982167689","https://openalex.org/W3009400377","https://openalex.org/W3010152267","https://openalex.org/W3010338652","https://openalex.org/W3029784335","https://openalex.org/W3047940318","https://openalex.org/W3177435155","https://openalex.org/W4205140928","https://openalex.org/W4231284569","https://openalex.org/W4235399758","https://openalex.org/W4237130512","https://openalex.org/W4240463245","https://openalex.org/W4281564584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119199043","https://openalex.org/W2396596882","https://openalex.org/W2801084903","https://openalex.org/W2377280071","https://openalex.org/W2060682672","https://openalex.org/W2375626968","https://openalex.org/W2098290990","https://openalex.org/W4242908235","https://openalex.org/W1520271518","https://openalex.org/W2294325978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,13,32],"an":[2],"increasing":[3],"need":[4],"for":[5,34,66,145],"knowledgeable":[6],"K-12":[7],"computer":[8],"science":[9],"(CS)":[10],"teachers.":[11],"It":[12],"necessary":[14],"to":[15,19,49,116,160,167,186,199,207],"inform":[16],"teachers":[17,69,79,108,135,201],"how":[18,48,92,124,198,206],"debug":[20,25,50,208],"and":[21,45,90,105,163,179,193],"help":[22,52,95,127],"their":[23,96,103,204,209],"students":[24,47,97,128,169,205],"programs.":[26,210],"Research":[27],"has":[28],"shown":[29],"that":[30,73,83,107],"debugging":[31,81,191],"difficult":[33],"novices":[35],"because":[36],"the":[37,111,120,134,140,146,152,164],"process":[38,172],"requires":[39],"different":[40],"skills":[41],"from":[42],"creating":[43],"programs":[44,89],"instructing":[46],"can":[51],"them":[53],"acquire":[54],"these":[55],"skills.":[56],"To":[57],"this":[58,171],"end,":[59],"we":[60],"developed":[61],"a":[62,132,143],"CS":[63,176,181],"professional":[64],"development":[65],"middle":[67],"grade":[68],"(grades":[70],"5th-8th/ages":[71],"10-13)":[72],"includes":[74],"lessons":[75],"on":[76,138,150,175,197],"debugging.":[77,99],"The":[78],"completed":[80],"activities":[82],"involved":[84],"finding":[85],"bugs":[86,162],"in":[87,98,119,170,202],"Scratch":[88],"explaining":[91],"they":[93,114,125],"would":[94,126],"We":[100],"qualitatively":[101],"analyzed":[102],"responses":[104],"found":[106],"successfully":[109],"identified":[110],"problem":[112,153],"but":[113],"struggled":[115],"locate":[117],"it":[118],"code.":[121],"In":[122],"considering":[123],"who":[129],"had":[130],"such":[131],"bug,":[133],"often":[136],"focused":[137],"helping":[139],"student":[141],"find":[142],"solution":[144],"bug":[147],"rather":[148],"than":[149],"identifying":[151],"or":[154],"its":[155],"source.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"teachers'":[158,190],"ability":[159],"identify":[161],"pedagogical":[165],"strategies":[166],"engage":[168],"differed":[173],"based":[174],"teaching":[177,203],"experience":[178],"prior":[180],"knowledge.":[182],"This":[183],"work":[184],"contributes":[185],"our":[187,195],"understanding":[188],"of":[189],"abilities":[192],"advances":[194],"knowledge":[196],"support":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}