{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226062360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501790","title":"An Empirical Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Indoor Localization using Dual-Band WiFi","display_name":"An Empirical Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms for Indoor Localization using Dual-Band WiFi","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226062360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3501774.3501790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 2nd European Symposium on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011230217","display_name":"Ashraf Tahat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1691-446X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Tahat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043710921","display_name":"Rozana Awwad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rozana Awwad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085392146","display_name":"Nadia Baydoun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadia Baydoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005482451","display_name":"Shurooq Al-Nabih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shurooq Al-Nabih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076983398","display_name":"Talal A. Edwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-0898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104941359","display_name":"Al-Ahliyya Amman University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xddhq60","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Talal A.Edwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Ahliyya Amman University, Jordan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Ahliyya Amman University, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104941359"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011230217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62037122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"106","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7416118383407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6952952146530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6286051273345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.5936665534973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5875835418701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/received-signal-strength-indication","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","score":0.4897463321685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4401392936706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-band-device","display_name":"Multi-band device","score":0.43728533387184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4358830153942108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-interference","display_name":"Multipath interference","score":0.4321282207965851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.307458758354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2417626976966858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7416118383407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6952952146530151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6286051273345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.5936665534973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5875835418701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195672","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","level":3,"score":0.4897463321685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4401392936706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134546842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756885","display_name":"Multi-band device","level":3,"score":0.43728533387184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4358830153942108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174749922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath interference","level":4,"score":0.4321282207965851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.307458758354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2417626976966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3501774.3501790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3501774.3501790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 2nd European Symposium on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1994961964","https://openalex.org/W2067040941","https://openalex.org/W2100946891","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2106393550","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2124178852","https://openalex.org/W2272996903","https://openalex.org/W2298372462","https://openalex.org/W2313528934","https://openalex.org/W2890950736","https://openalex.org/W2901028443","https://openalex.org/W2972663683","https://openalex.org/W3035359533","https://openalex.org/W3042841996","https://openalex.org/W3193477162","https://openalex.org/W4226182047","https://openalex.org/W4245906235","https://openalex.org/W6697216830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4310580411","https://openalex.org/W2611706228","https://openalex.org/W3006354682","https://openalex.org/W4388422359","https://openalex.org/W2761141501","https://openalex.org/W2012771031","https://openalex.org/W2034548077","https://openalex.org/W2360784882","https://openalex.org/W2370068260","https://openalex.org/W1826919311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"WiFi":[0,25,50,109,121,175],"based":[1,51,144,244],"indoor":[2,43],"localization":[3],"systems":[4,45],"relying":[5],"on":[6,145,245],"received":[7,58],"signal":[8],"strength":[9],"indicator":[10],"(RSSI)":[11],"have":[12],"attained":[13,246],"large":[14],"acceptance":[15],"over":[16,119],"the":[17,39,68,130,171,195,207,216,222,235,251,254,261],"past":[18],"few":[19],"years":[20],"as":[21,83,123,137],"mobile":[22],"devices":[23],"with":[24],"capability":[26],"are":[27],"prevalent":[28],"in":[29,36,117,169,178,192],"everyday":[30],"routines":[31],"and":[32,77,97,115,132,181,224,253],"practices,":[33],"this":[34],"is":[35],"view":[37],"of":[38,56,72,108,129,155,158,173,203,206,209,219,221,234,256],"demand":[40],"for":[41,112],"low-cost":[42],"positioning":[44,118,262],"(IPSs).":[46],"Extant":[47],"RSSI":[48,55,71,218],"reliant":[49],"IPSs":[52,111],"utilize":[53],"raw":[54,70,217],"signals":[57,73],"from":[59],"access":[60],"points":[61],"(APs)":[62],"to":[63,81,86,164,231,238,248,264],"evaluate":[64,165],"device":[65,95,177],"locations.":[66],"However,":[67],"particular":[69],"may":[74,78],"readily":[75],"fluctuate":[76],"be":[79,198,265],"susceptible":[80],"interference":[82],"a":[84,138,151,156,174,179,182,204],"consequence":[85],"multipath":[87],"propagation":[88],"channels,":[89],"other":[90],"wireless":[91],"local":[92],"area":[93],"networks,":[94],"diverseness,":[96],"noise.":[98],"To":[99,141],"overcome":[100],"these":[101],"prevailing":[102],"issues,":[103],"we":[104,149],"investigate":[105],"performance":[106,153,233],"enhancement":[107],"fingerprinting-based":[110],"increased":[113],"accuracy":[114],"robustness":[116],"dual-band":[120],"(such":[122],"IEEE":[124],"802.11n)":[125],"that":[126,142,191],"employs":[127],"both":[128,220],"2.4GHz":[131,223],"5GHz":[133,225],"frequency":[134,184,226,258],"spectrum":[135],"bands":[136],"conceivable":[139],"substitute.":[140],"end,":[143],"empirical":[146],"concurrent":[147],"measurements,":[148],"conduct":[150],"comparative":[152],"analysis":[154],"collection":[157,208],"machine":[159],"learning":[160],"(ML)":[161],"classification":[162,167,212],"algorithms":[163,213],"their":[166],"capacities":[168],"determining":[170],"location":[172,196],"receiver":[176],"single":[180],"dual":[183,257],"band":[185],"operation":[186],"setting.":[187],"Numerical":[188],"results":[189,247],"demonstrated":[190],"our":[193],"IPS,":[194],"could":[197],"effectively":[199],"predicted":[200],"by":[201],"means":[202],"subset":[205],"considered":[210],"ML":[211,242],"when":[214],"using":[215],"bands.":[227],"Computed":[228],"evaluation":[229],"metrics":[230],"characterize":[232],"IPS":[236],"served":[237],"identify":[239],"an":[240],"optimum":[241],"algorithm":[243],"accurately":[249],"localize":[250],"device,":[252],"existence":[255],"information":[259],"renders":[260],"process":[263],"more":[266],"robust.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}