{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220734985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3498366.3505818","title":"Searching the Literature: An Analysis of an Exploratory Search Task","display_name":"Searching the Literature: An Analysis of an Exploratory Search Task","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220734985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3498366.3505818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3498366.3505818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3498366.3505818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029485888","display_name":"Ayah Soufan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1689-5633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayah Soufan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007866098","display_name":"Ian Ruthven","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6669-5376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Ruthven","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048218964","display_name":"Leif Azzopardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-0557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leif Azzopardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of strathclyde, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of strathclyde, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029485888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2899,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97569704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"146","last_page":"157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7262730002403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6637297868728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40721094608306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3865242004394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09031972289085388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7262730002403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6637297868728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40721094608306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3865242004394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09031972289085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3498366.3505818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3498366.3505818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGIR Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:79229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1318055.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1974542962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Sk\u0142odowska","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2689612763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Marie","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4956428346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020 research and innovatio","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5036817778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innov","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5981300973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"860721","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318064016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8633428685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovat","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514622","https://openalex.org/W1514314939","https://openalex.org/W1674947250","https://openalex.org/W1987708126","https://openalex.org/W1998084297","https://openalex.org/W2004177616","https://openalex.org/W2023350458","https://openalex.org/W2031368268","https://openalex.org/W2037802158","https://openalex.org/W2080070721","https://openalex.org/W2088477804","https://openalex.org/W2115787195","https://openalex.org/W2124063543","https://openalex.org/W2143803341","https://openalex.org/W2244057375","https://openalex.org/W2291003137","https://openalex.org/W2344279719","https://openalex.org/W2545812411","https://openalex.org/W2593803794","https://openalex.org/W2913769492","https://openalex.org/W2921777661","https://openalex.org/W2990318625","https://openalex.org/W3013522338","https://openalex.org/W3135829606","https://openalex.org/W4229942792","https://openalex.org/W4230995913","https://openalex.org/W4251308671","https://openalex.org/W4255655703","https://openalex.org/W4300891375","https://openalex.org/W4364348485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exploratory":[0,14],"search":[1,36,66,162],"is":[2],"an":[3,64],"intuitive":[4],"concept":[5],"in":[6,133],"interactive":[7],"information":[8],"retrieval.":[9],"While":[10],"many":[11],"definitions":[12],"for":[13],"Search":[15],"have":[16],"been":[17],"proposed,":[18],"the":[19,28,31,35,44,49,74,88,97,102,112,120,136,143,146,160],"main":[20,51],"dimensions":[21,53,90],"involve":[22],"high":[23],"uncertainty":[24],"with":[25],"respect":[26],"to":[27,48,54,77,139],"problem":[29],"context,":[30],"user":[32],"expertise,":[33],"and":[34,84,91,173],"process.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39,69],"paper,":[40],"we":[41,151],"draw":[42],"together":[43],"different":[45],"characteristics":[46,163],"relating":[47],"three":[50],"exploratory":[52,60,65,83,89,105,129,132,144,161],"provide":[55,94],"a":[56],"conceptual":[57],"model":[58],"of":[59,96,104,111,119,142],"search.":[61],"We":[62,71,93],"build":[63],"questionnaire":[67,75],"using":[68],"model.":[70],"then":[72],"use":[73],"instrument":[76],"examine":[78],"how":[79,153,157],"literature":[80,106,124],"searches":[81],"are":[82],"what":[85],"factors":[86],"influence":[87],"characteristics.":[92],"one":[95],"first":[98],"detailed":[99],"investigations":[100],"into":[101],"nature":[103],"review":[107,125],"searches.":[108],"Our":[109],"analysis":[110,137],"368":[113],"responses":[114],"reveals":[115],"that":[116],"about":[117],"84%":[118],"participants":[121],"described":[122],"their":[123],"task":[126],"as":[127],"somewhat":[128],"or":[130],"very":[131],"nature.":[134],"Also,":[135],"points":[138],"another":[140],"dimension":[141],"search,":[145],"knowledge":[147],"gain/change":[148],"dimension.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"investigated":[152],"users\u2019":[154],"experience":[155],"influences":[156],"people":[158],"rate":[159],"(e.g.,":[164],"whether":[165],"they":[166],"find":[167],"surprising":[168],"information,":[169],"learn":[170],"new":[171],"concepts":[172],"keywords).":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}