{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200011677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494999","title":"iMon","display_name":"iMon","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200011677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3494999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/6708","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054321685","display_name":"Sinh Huynh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2657-5404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinh Huynh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075701279","display_name":"Rajesh Krishna Balan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6289-9902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Krishna Balan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022122076","display_name":"JeongGil Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JeongGil Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85730758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7912654280662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7755619883537292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7330381274223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6606332659721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6046593189239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixation","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","score":0.5685760378837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4360527992248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4315105080604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15475046634674072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7912654280662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7755619883537292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7330381274223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6606332659721375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6046593189239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146249460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914991","display_name":"Fixation (population genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5685760378837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4360527992248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4315105080604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15475046634674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3494999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/6708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494999","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-7711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/6708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494999","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7499909029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015R1A5A1037668, 2021R1A2C4002380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544271456","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1946259682","https://openalex.org/W1993732887","https://openalex.org/W1996068081","https://openalex.org/W2001252859","https://openalex.org/W2002848247","https://openalex.org/W2019881187","https://openalex.org/W2027879843","https://openalex.org/W2035962109","https://openalex.org/W2058961190","https://openalex.org/W2087409465","https://openalex.org/W2095449212","https://openalex.org/W2098597588","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2113152693","https://openalex.org/W2132780481","https://openalex.org/W2155269024","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2171523656","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2296467065","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2557669140","https://openalex.org/W2576625988","https://openalex.org/W2598992495","https://openalex.org/W2765629358","https://openalex.org/W2910307394","https://openalex.org/W2914496424","https://openalex.org/W2943409865","https://openalex.org/W2949662773","https://openalex.org/W2960173979","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2982222191","https://openalex.org/W2987144427","https://openalex.org/W2995088816","https://openalex.org/W3001625344","https://openalex.org/W3026308183","https://openalex.org/W3031409315","https://openalex.org/W3082930702","https://openalex.org/W3101438200","https://openalex.org/W3104792420","https://openalex.org/W3163269234","https://openalex.org/W3175647370","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4251019387","https://openalex.org/W4301409532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W3207760378","https://openalex.org/W1986970529","https://openalex.org/W2562758970","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W3207933171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gaze":[0],"tracking":[1,32,168,220],"is":[2,35,79,222],"a":[3,82,92,139,165],"key":[4],"building":[5],"block":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8],"many":[9],"mobile":[10,41,248],"applications":[11,267],"including":[12],"entertainment,":[13],"personal":[14,217],"productivity,":[15],"accessibility,":[16],"medical":[17],"diagnosis,":[18],"and":[19,43,63,127,149,175,186,215,229,244],"visual":[20,125],"attention":[21],"monitoring.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24,55],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,86,117,137,234],"present":[27],"iMon,":[28],"an":[29,119,240],"appearance-based":[30],"gaze":[31,60,78,89,96,111,151],"system":[33],"that":[34,75,107,208,237,246],"both":[36],"designed":[37],"for":[38,144],"use":[39],"on":[40,239],"phones":[42],"has":[44],"significantly":[45],"greater":[46],"accuracy":[47],"compared":[48],"to":[49,81,99,113,123,142,201,210,225,256],"prior":[50],"state-of-the-art":[51,197],"solutions.":[52],"iMon":[53,163,251],"achieves":[54,164],"by":[56,103,154,199],"comprehensively":[57],"considering":[58],"the":[59,76,109,147,183,190,195,211,219],"estimation":[61],"pipeline":[62],"then":[64],"overcoming":[65],"three":[66],"different":[67],"sources":[68],"of":[69,73,132,170,250,266],"errors.":[70],"First,":[71],"instead":[72],"assuming":[74],"user's":[77],"fixed":[80],"single":[83],"2D":[84,94],"coordinate,":[85],"construct":[87],"each":[88],"label":[90],"using":[91],"probabilistic":[93],"heatmap":[95],"representation":[97],"input":[98,133],"overcome":[100],"errors":[101],"caused":[102,153],"microsaccade":[104],"eye":[105,134],"motions":[106],"cause":[108],"exact":[110],"point":[112,214],"be":[114],"uncertain.":[115],"Second,":[116],"design":[118],"image":[120],"enhancement":[121],"model":[122],"refine":[124],"details":[126],"remove":[128],"motion":[129],"blur":[130],"effects":[131],"images.":[135],"Finally,":[136,233],"apply":[138],"calibration":[140],"scheme":[141],"correct":[143],"differences":[145],"between":[146],"perceived":[148],"actual":[150],"points":[152],"individual":[155],"Kappa":[156],"angle":[157],"differences.":[158],"With":[159],"all":[160],"these":[161],"improvements,":[162],"person-independent":[166],"per-frame":[167,206],"error":[169,221],"1.49":[171],"cm":[172,177,188,227,231],"(on":[173,178],"smartphones)":[174],"1.94":[176],"tablets)":[179],"when":[180],"tested":[181],"with":[182,189],"GazeCapture":[184],"dataset":[185],"2.01":[187],"TabletGaze":[191],"dataset.":[192],"This":[193],"outperforms":[194],"previous":[196],"solutions":[198],"~22%":[200],"28%.":[202],"By":[203],"averaging":[204],"multiple":[205],"estimations":[207],"belong":[209],"same":[212],"fixation":[213],"applying":[216],"calibration,":[218],"further":[223],"reduced":[224],"1.11":[226],"(smartphones)":[228],"1.59":[230],"(tablets).":[232],"built":[235],"implementations":[236],"run":[238,253],"iPhone":[241],"12":[242],"Pro":[243],"show":[245],"our":[247],"implementation":[249],"can":[252],"at":[254],"up":[255],"60":[257],"frames":[258],"per":[259],"second":[260],"-":[261],"thus":[262],"making":[263],"gaze-based":[264],"control":[265],"possible.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}