{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200329580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494994","title":"IMU2Doppler","display_name":"IMU2Doppler","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200329580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3494994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021562347","display_name":"Sejal Bhalla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4772-7815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sejal Bhalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030011411","display_name":"Mayank Goel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-7545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayank Goel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031239805","display_name":"Rushil Khurana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rushil Khurana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.2682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99141024,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.813540518283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activity-recognition","display_name":"Activity recognition","score":0.7767800688743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.6871035099029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.604741096496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.5775165557861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5708907246589661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.5593297481536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5298587679862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5268810391426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5122014880180359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4588509202003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.45288917422294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.44034305214881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.4384796917438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07552221417427063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.813540518283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.7767800688743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.6871035099029541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.604741096496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5775165557861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5708907246589661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.5593297481536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5298587679862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5268810391426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5122014880180359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4588509202003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.45288917422294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.44034305214881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.4384796917438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07552221417427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3494994","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219751","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","issn_l":"2474-9567","issn":["2474-9567"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560002189","https://openalex.org/W2032168850","https://openalex.org/W2034899024","https://openalex.org/W2054780155","https://openalex.org/W2104094955","https://openalex.org/W2125865219","https://openalex.org/W2153594606","https://openalex.org/W2157770256","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2242223225","https://openalex.org/W2344636067","https://openalex.org/W2392605069","https://openalex.org/W2422697180","https://openalex.org/W2517813042","https://openalex.org/W2525771685","https://openalex.org/W2546190447","https://openalex.org/W2727248480","https://openalex.org/W2730754615","https://openalex.org/W2736009068","https://openalex.org/W2782930323","https://openalex.org/W2805572253","https://openalex.org/W2893047521","https://openalex.org/W2894894908","https://openalex.org/W2900846417","https://openalex.org/W2902682865","https://openalex.org/W2905001465","https://openalex.org/W2906551905","https://openalex.org/W2907706589","https://openalex.org/W2913618081","https://openalex.org/W2955189540","https://openalex.org/W2971144987","https://openalex.org/W2972570007","https://openalex.org/W2972660824","https://openalex.org/W2979508273","https://openalex.org/W2979856235","https://openalex.org/W2999546058","https://openalex.org/W3003860764","https://openalex.org/W3009059746","https://openalex.org/W3015008043","https://openalex.org/W3017640030","https://openalex.org/W3022559717","https://openalex.org/W3029790089","https://openalex.org/W3031558732","https://openalex.org/W3035426800","https://openalex.org/W3047422066","https://openalex.org/W3083323811","https://openalex.org/W3085158417","https://openalex.org/W3090431435","https://openalex.org/W3099025572","https://openalex.org/W3113714919","https://openalex.org/W3127512060","https://openalex.org/W3161004920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016838864","https://openalex.org/W2766841671","https://openalex.org/W3035557009","https://openalex.org/W2955172689","https://openalex.org/W2341113105","https://openalex.org/W3204418343","https://openalex.org/W3132602785","https://openalex.org/W2343346879","https://openalex.org/W3046182208","https://openalex.org/W2186589590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,36,73,111,140,146,157,210],"sensors":[3,48],"powered":[4],"by":[5],"state-of-the-art":[6],"machine":[7,75],"learning":[8,76],"techniques":[9],"can":[10,190,216],"now":[11],"infer":[12],"context,":[13],"recognize":[14,50],"activities":[15,136],"and":[16,38,165,184,213],"enable":[17],"interactions.":[18],"A":[19],"key":[20],"component":[21],"required":[22],"to":[23,45,49,69,91,120,126,194],"build":[24,127],"these":[25],"automated":[26],"sensing":[27],"systems":[28],"is":[29],"labeled":[30,63,103,147,159],"training":[31,72],"data.":[32,104,149],"However,":[33],"the":[34,71,109,171,208],"cost":[35],"collecting":[37],"labeling":[39],"new":[40,47,80],"data":[41,64,160],"impedes":[42],"our":[43,122,168,179,201,211],"ability":[44],"deploy":[46],"human":[51],"activities.":[52],"We":[53,105,150,177],"tackle":[54],"this":[55,83],"challenge":[56],"using":[57,61],"domain":[58,68,123,202],"adaptation":[59,124,203],"i.e.,":[60],"existing":[62],"in":[65,173],"a":[66,74,79,155,181,197],"different":[67],"aid":[70],"model":[77],"for":[78,97,114,154,200],"sensor.":[81],"In":[82],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,117,206],"use":[86,121],"off-the-shelf":[87],"smartwatch":[88],"IMU":[89,188],"datasets":[90,113,189],"train":[92],"an":[93,128,138],"activity":[94,129],"recognition":[95,130],"system":[96,131],"mmWave":[98,115],"radar":[99],"sensor":[100],"with":[101,137,142],"minimally":[102],"demonstrate":[106],"that":[107,132,167,186],"despite":[108],"lack":[110],"extensive":[112],"radar,":[116],"are":[118],"able":[119],"approach":[125,169,180],"classifies":[133],"between":[134],"10":[135],"accuracy":[139],"70%":[141],"only":[143],"15":[144],"seconds":[145],"doppler":[148],"also":[151],"present":[152],"results":[153],"range":[156],"available":[158],"(10":[161],"-":[162],"30":[163],"seconds)":[164],"show":[166,185],"outperforms":[170],"baseline":[172],"every":[174],"single":[175,198],"scenario.":[176],"take":[178],"step":[182],"further":[183],"multiple":[187],"be":[191],"combined":[192],"together":[193],"act":[195],"as":[196],"source":[199],"approach.":[204],"Lastly,":[205],"discuss":[207],"limitations":[209],"work":[212],"how":[214],"it":[215],"impact":[217],"future":[218],"research":[219],"directions.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2021-12-31T00:00:00"}