{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280589289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494107.3522772","title":"Robust, Effective and Resource Efficient Deep Neural Network for Intrusion Detection in IoT Networks","display_name":"Robust, Effective and Resource Efficient Deep Neural Network for Intrusion Detection in IoT Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280589289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494107.3522772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3494107.3522772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494107.3522772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM on Cyber-Physical System Security Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1721565","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077069389","display_name":"Idris Zakariyya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7983-1848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Idris Zakariyya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005926383","display_name":"Harsha Kalutarage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6430-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsha Kalutarage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108813496","display_name":"M. Omar Al-Kadri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Omar Al-Kadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077069389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73208716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"41","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8417254686355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7739267945289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6441062092781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.589083731174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.510296106338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.5002772808074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49273255467414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4786302149295807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4635438621044159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3729977607727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36815565824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2662479281425476}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8417254686355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7739267945289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6441062092781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.589083731174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.510296106338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5002772808074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49273255467414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4786302149295807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4635438621044159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3729977607727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36815565824508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2662479281425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3494107.3522772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3494107.3522772","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM on Cyber-Physical System Security Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rgu-repository.worktribe.com:1721565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1721565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:rgu-repository.worktribe.com:1721565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/1721565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8722548984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PTDF/ED/OSS/PHD/1275/17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335413","funder_display_name":"Petroleum Technology Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335413","display_name":"Petroleum Technology Development Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105037940","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2735766064","https://openalex.org/W2766826419","https://openalex.org/W2770934218","https://openalex.org/W2799758613","https://openalex.org/W2885128583","https://openalex.org/W2893043239","https://openalex.org/W2899366056","https://openalex.org/W2901312569","https://openalex.org/W2902106343","https://openalex.org/W2905688607","https://openalex.org/W2949867260","https://openalex.org/W2962797416","https://openalex.org/W2964248614","https://openalex.org/W2973628901","https://openalex.org/W2981446616","https://openalex.org/W2995589933","https://openalex.org/W2997080176","https://openalex.org/W3048094199","https://openalex.org/W3048339221","https://openalex.org/W3088194607","https://openalex.org/W3122864121","https://openalex.org/W3138207087","https://openalex.org/W4211173503","https://openalex.org/W4250875505","https://openalex.org/W6745245109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205568523","https://openalex.org/W4285337355","https://openalex.org/W4298388782","https://openalex.org/W2950066684","https://openalex.org/W2584408238","https://openalex.org/W4312831135","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4288853838","https://openalex.org/W4317565044","https://openalex.org/W4288040045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0],"of":[1,13,36,50],"Things":[2],"(IoT)":[3],"devices":[4,25],"are":[5],"becoming":[6],"increasingly":[7],"popular":[8],"and":[9,33,57,88,110,122,128,133],"an":[10],"integral":[11],"part":[12],"our":[14],"everyday":[15],"lives,":[16],"making":[17],"them":[18],"a":[19,43,71,85],"lucrative":[20],"target":[21],"for":[22,80],"attackers.":[23],"These":[24],"require":[26,47],"suitable":[27],"security":[28,82,108],"mechanisms":[29],"that":[30],"enable":[31],"robust":[32],"effective":[34,87],"detection":[35,59],"attacks.":[37,66],"Deep":[38],"Neural":[39,77],"Networks":[40],"(DNNs)":[41],"offer":[42],"promise,":[44],"but":[45],"they":[46],"large":[48],"amounts":[49],"computational":[51],"resources":[52],"to":[53,73,118],"provide":[54],"better":[55],"detection,":[56],"their":[58],"capabilities":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62],"exploited":[63],"by":[64,131],"adversarial":[65],"Therefore,":[67],"this":[68],"paper":[69],"proposes":[70],"method":[72],"train":[74],"Fully":[75],"Connected":[76],"Network":[78],"(FCNN)":[79],"IoT":[81,103],"monitoring":[83],"in":[84],"robust,":[86],"resource-efficient":[89],"way.":[90],"The":[91],"resulting":[92],"model":[93],"is":[94],"assessed":[95],"against":[96],"various":[97],"benchmark":[98,139],"datasets":[99],"created":[100],"using":[101],"commercial":[102],"devices,":[104],"such":[105],"as":[106],"doorbells,":[107],"cameras,":[109],"thermostats.":[111],"Experimental":[112],"results":[113],"demonstrate":[114],"the":[115],"model's":[116],"ability":[117],"maintain":[119],"state-of-the-art":[120],"accuracy":[121],"F1-score":[123],"while":[124],"reducing":[125],"training":[126],"memory":[127],"time":[129],"consumption":[130],"99.99":[132],"99.80":[134],"percentage":[135],"points":[136],"than":[137],"its":[138],"counterpart.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
