{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206696250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493700.3493760","title":"PPDL - Privacy Preserving Deep Learning Using Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"PPDL - Privacy Preserving Deep Learning Using Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206696250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493700.3493760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3493700.3493760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493700.3493760","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Joint International Conference on Data Science &amp; Management of Data (9th ACM IKDD CODS and 27th COMAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088598669","display_name":"Nayna Jain","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nayna Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, IN and IBM Systems, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, IN and IBM Systems, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059676452","display_name":"Karthik Nandakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-9725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthik Nandakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003836761","display_name":"Nalini Ratha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7913-5722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nalini Ratha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078542580","display_name":"Sharath Pankanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6770-9899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharath Pankanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033589278","display_name":"Uttam Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-7993"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uttam Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, IN","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088598669"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.928,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77797911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"318","last_page":"319"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.8611348867416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8225548267364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6828569173812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5843279361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5273340940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.49508824944496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4893595576286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4783322811126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4746454358100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.46501949429512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4552608132362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33560577034950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2521541714668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09535875916481018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.8611348867416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8225548267364502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6828569173812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5843279361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5273340940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.49508824944496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4893595576286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4783322811126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4746454358100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.46501949429512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4552608132362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33560577034950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2521541714668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09535875916481018}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3493700.3493760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3493700.3493760","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th Joint International Conference on Data Science &amp; Management of Data (9th ACM IKDD CODS and 27th COMAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2987932087","https://openalex.org/W3137610633","https://openalex.org/W3141763582","https://openalex.org/W3158597359"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W4389249638","https://openalex.org/W3036048022","https://openalex.org/W4309224979","https://openalex.org/W3026879719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"Learning":[1],"Models":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4,35],"Convolution":[5],"Neural":[6],"Networks":[7],"(CNNs)":[8],"have":[9],"shown":[10],"great":[11],"potential":[12],"in":[13,74,138],"various":[14],"applications.":[15],"However,":[16],"these":[17,115],"techniques":[18],"will":[19],"face":[20,85],"regulatory":[21],"compliance":[22],"challenges":[23,107],"related":[24],"to":[25,60,104,117],"privacy":[26,49,65],"of":[27,56,64,88,122],"user":[28],"data,":[29],"especially":[30],"when":[31],"they":[32],"are":[33,92],"deployed":[34],"a":[36,39,62],"service":[37],"on":[38,78,101,129],"cloud":[40],"platform.":[41],"Such":[42],"concerns":[43],"can":[44],"be":[45],"mitigated":[46],"by":[47],"using":[48,132],"preserving":[50,66],"machine":[51,67],"learning":[52,68],"techniques.":[53,112],"The":[54],"purpose":[55],"our":[57,99],"work":[58],"is":[59],"explore":[61],"class":[63],"technique":[69],"called":[70],"Fully":[71,82],"Homomorphic":[72],"Encryption":[73],"enabling":[75,123],"CNN":[76],"inference":[77,125],"encrypted":[79,124],"real-world":[80],"dataset.":[81],"homomorphic":[83],"encryption":[84,135],"the":[86,106,110,119,139],"limitation":[87],"computational":[89],"depth.":[90],"They":[91],"also":[93],"resource":[94],"intensive":[95],"operations.":[96],"We":[97,113],"run":[98],"experiments":[100],"MNIST":[102],"dataset":[103,131],"understand":[105],"and":[108],"identify":[109],"optimization":[111],"used":[114],"insights":[116],"achieve":[118],"end":[120],"goal":[121],"for":[126],"binary":[127],"classification":[128],"melanoma":[130],"Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song":[133],"(CKKS)":[134],"scheme":[136],"available":[137],"open-source":[140],"HElib":[141],"library.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
