{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214882459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3492803","title":"Blockchain-Based Audio Watermarking Technique for Multimedia Copyright Protection in Distribution Networks","display_name":"Blockchain-Based Audio Watermarking Technique for Multimedia Copyright Protection in Distribution Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214882459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3492803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3492803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3492803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Blockchain-Based_Audio_Watermarking_Technique_for_Multimedia_Copyright_Protection_in_Distribution_Networks/20616423","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004146766","display_name":"Iynkaran Natgunanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-000X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iynkaran Natgunanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063077500","display_name":"Purathani Praitheeshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-9925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Purathani Praitheeshan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012293028","display_name":"Longxiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-7537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051297830","display_name":"Yong Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-7863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045991464","display_name":"Lei Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-8330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90673811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8974610567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.8321530222892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8267168998718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.737481951713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5901076197624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.5456200242042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5453384518623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.48130717873573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.47071999311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.419162392616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3524544835090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20209985971450806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8974610567092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.8321530222892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8267168998718262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.737481951713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5901076197624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5456200242042542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5453384518623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48130717873573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.47071999311447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.419162392616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3524544835090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20209985971450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3492803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3492803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30163948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20616423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Blockchain-Based_Audio_Watermarking_Technique_for_Multimedia_Copyright_Protection_in_Distribution_Networks/20616423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20616423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Blockchain-Based_Audio_Watermarking_Technique_for_Multimedia_Copyright_Protection_in_Distribution_Networks/20616423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8441260951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LP170100458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519471955","https://openalex.org/W1936442755","https://openalex.org/W1982523093","https://openalex.org/W1997697582","https://openalex.org/W2019829208","https://openalex.org/W2022403273","https://openalex.org/W2032934064","https://openalex.org/W2041007040","https://openalex.org/W2056174749","https://openalex.org/W2065298314","https://openalex.org/W2070881099","https://openalex.org/W2097111625","https://openalex.org/W2099441101","https://openalex.org/W2100004150","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2124355377","https://openalex.org/W2126270135","https://openalex.org/W2146554527","https://openalex.org/W2151583613","https://openalex.org/W2154487873","https://openalex.org/W2160921333","https://openalex.org/W2261375533","https://openalex.org/W2315815075","https://openalex.org/W2541618035","https://openalex.org/W2595976459","https://openalex.org/W2621687283","https://openalex.org/W2741248492","https://openalex.org/W2753751342","https://openalex.org/W2775740495","https://openalex.org/W2808861077","https://openalex.org/W2890403149","https://openalex.org/W2914750228","https://openalex.org/W2991352005","https://openalex.org/W3011641837","https://openalex.org/W3093952413","https://openalex.org/W3124522136","https://openalex.org/W3129279864","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3153435028","https://openalex.org/W4231412053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Copyright":[0],"protection":[1,4,94],"in":[2,20,31,59,63,72,86,141,204],"multimedia":[3,12,33,54,175,198],"distribution":[5,34,143],"is":[6,113,131,150,187],"a":[7,32,91,125],"challenging":[8],"problem.":[9],"To":[10,81],"protect":[11,53],"data,":[13],"many":[14],"watermarking":[15,48,106,111],"methods":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18],"proposed":[19,164,167,185,194],"the":[21,70,73,100,117,121,135,142,146,160,163,166,184,205],"literature.":[22],"However,":[23,62],"most":[24],"of":[25,102,138,162,183],"them":[26],"cannot":[27],"be":[28,171],"used":[29,114,157],"effectively":[30],"network":[35],"(MDN)":[36],"as":[37,76,178],"they":[38],"are":[39,156],"not":[40],"designed":[41,110],"to":[42,52,68,115,133,158,173],"support":[43],"multi-layer":[44],"watermark":[45],"embedding.":[46],"Multi-layer":[47],"mechanisms":[49],"were":[50],"developed":[51,132],"data":[55],"across":[56],"different":[57],"layers":[58],"an":[60,179],"MDN.":[61,206],"those":[64],"mechanisms,":[65],"we":[66,89],"need":[67],"trust":[69],"entities":[71,203],"MDN,":[74],"such":[75,177],"regional":[77],"and":[78,105,201],"country":[79],"distributors.":[80],"overcome":[82],"this":[83,87],"potential":[84],"drawback,":[85],"article,":[88],"propose":[90],"novel":[92,126],"privacy":[93],"mechanism":[95,130,149,186,195],"for":[96],"MDNs":[97],"by":[98,189],"combining":[99],"advantages":[101],"both":[103],"blockchain":[104],"technologies.":[107],"A":[108],"specifically":[109],"algorithm":[112],"link":[116],"copyright":[118],"information":[119],"with":[120],"audio":[122,148,154],"file,":[123],"while":[124],"blockchain-based":[127],"smart":[128],"contract":[129],"enforce":[134],"proper":[136],"functioning":[137],"each":[139],"entity":[140],"network.":[144],"Moreover,":[145],"new":[147],"computationally":[151],"efficient.":[152],"Although":[153],"signals":[155],"show":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"mechanism,":[165],"approach":[168],"can":[169,196],"easily":[170],"extended":[172],"other":[174,202],"objects,":[176],"image.":[180],"The":[181,193],"validity":[182],"demonstrated":[188],"our":[190],"simulation":[191],"results.":[192],"benefit":[197],"production":[199],"companies":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
