{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284962963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491418.3530287","title":"Metrics of financial effectiveness: Return On Investment in XSEDE, a national cyberinfrastructure coordination and support organization","display_name":"Metrics of financial effectiveness: Return On Investment in XSEDE, a national cyberinfrastructure coordination and support organization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284962963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491418.3530287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491418.3530287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491418.3530287","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3491418.3530287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523034","display_name":"Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3491418.3530287","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081468884","display_name":"Craig A. Stewart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2423-9019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135837","display_name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/03r10zj06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4210135837"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Craig A. Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135837","https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091322724","display_name":"Claudia M. Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9869-1780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901403493","display_name":"NuVasive (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036dqy506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia M. Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020324255","display_name":"Julie Wernert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-9527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901403493","display_name":"NuVasive (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036dqy506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie A. Wernert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020651874","display_name":"David Y. Hancock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8082-8980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Y. Hancock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011396396","display_name":"Donald F. McMullen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-1888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901403493","display_name":"NuVasive (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036dqy506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald F. McMullen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037662959","display_name":"Philip D. Blood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-1223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35765314","display_name":"Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04tac1482","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35765314"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip Blood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35765314","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071084715","display_name":"Robert S. Sinkovits","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-9762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181653535","display_name":"San Diego Supercomputer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04mg3nk07","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181653535","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Sinkovits","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181653535","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089846639","display_name":"Susan Mehringer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-5494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143663144","display_name":"Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/022qmyy53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538","https://openalex.org/I143663144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Mehringer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Computing, Cornell University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Computing, Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143663144","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053124179","display_name":"Richard Knepper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-9421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143663144","display_name":"Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science","ror":"https://ror.org/022qmyy53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1329765538","https://openalex.org/I143663144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Knepper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Advanced Computing, Cornell University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Computing, Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143663144","https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069675985","display_name":"Jeremy Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7078-6609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901403493","display_name":"NuVasive (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036dqy506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055284773","display_name":"Marques Bland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-238X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marques Bland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas at Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Advanced Computing Center, University of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020343019","display_name":"Gary L. Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-3661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159558","display_name":"Joint Institute for Computational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05277x335","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294","https://openalex.org/I4210159558","https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159558","https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077887097","display_name":"P. Couvares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2823-3127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Couvares","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049663534","display_name":"Terry Campbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-669X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007443091","display_name":"Harmony Jankowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7774-1435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901403493","display_name":"NuVasive (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036dqy506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harmony Jankowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069385004","display_name":"Winona Snapp\u2010Childs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4354-7092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901403493","display_name":"NuVasive (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036dqy506","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winona Snapp-Childs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Technology Institute, Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901403493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054185114","display_name":"John Towns","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-2277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135837","display_name":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/03r10zj06","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4210135837"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Towns","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135837","https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081468884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I4210135837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8573,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91269556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11937","display_name":"Research Data Management Practices","score":0.9513000249862671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9222000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7491583228111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.6066495776176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.5510773658752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.45697957277297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10280284285545349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.078158438205719}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7491583228111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6066495776176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5510773658752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.45697957277297974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10280284285545349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.078158438205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491418.3530287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491418.3530287","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3491418.3530287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523034","display_name":"Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491418.3530287","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491418.3530287","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3491418.3530287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523034","display_name":"Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G115064064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1700765","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3355158854","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"548562","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3730782400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1548562","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6778350887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1053575","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4284962963.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4284962963.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037236932","https://openalex.org/W2043701535","https://openalex.org/W2133667000","https://openalex.org/W2511331403","https://openalex.org/W2531695428","https://openalex.org/W2727622965","https://openalex.org/W2909341358","https://openalex.org/W2966544679","https://openalex.org/W3044588339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369334057","https://openalex.org/W2373118362","https://openalex.org/W2376418556","https://openalex.org/W2363644067","https://openalex.org/W2367560804","https://openalex.org/W2348272163","https://openalex.org/W2391974983","https://openalex.org/W2097675938","https://openalex.org/W2095933490","https://openalex.org/W2386925562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,148],"paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,14,19,31,48,59,64,80,94,103,107,111,119,133,136,139,172,200,213,217,232,246,269,272],"financial":[4],"effectiveness":[5],"of":[6,41,93,135,164,174,189,216,226,239,248,254,271,274],"a":[7,76,158],"national":[8],"advanced":[9,42],"computing":[10,43],"support":[11,44],"organization":[12],"within":[13],"United":[15],"States":[16],"(US)":[17],"called":[18],"eXtreme":[20],"Science":[21,33],"and":[22,74,162,169,244],"Engineering":[23],"Discovery":[24],"Environment":[25],"(XSEDE).":[26],"XSEDE":[27,73,85,95,98,125,142,176,185,230],"was":[28,150],"funded":[29],"by":[30,110,199,220,229],"National":[32],"Foundation":[34],"(NSF)":[35],"in":[36,47,193,237],"2011":[37],"to":[38,45,62,88,102,114,146,153,156,160,171,183,266],"manage":[39],"delivery":[40],"researchers":[46],"US":[49,81,104,120,201],"working":[50],"on":[51,66,72,79],"non-classified":[52],"research.":[53],"In":[54,256],"this":[55,210],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,259],"describe":[58],"methodologies":[60,265],"employed":[61],"calculate":[63],"return":[65],"investment":[67],"(ROI)":[68],"for":[69,84,124,141,195],"governmental":[70],"expenditures":[71],"present":[75],"lower":[77,214],"bound":[78,215],"government\u2019s":[82],"ROI":[83,123,140,188],"from":[86,144],"2014":[87,182],"2020.":[89],"For":[90],"each":[91,130],"year":[92],"project":[96],"considered,":[97],"delivered":[99],"measurable":[100],"value":[101,159,173,194,218,270],"that":[105,251],"exceeded":[106],"cost":[108],"incurred":[109],"Federal":[112,121,202],"Government":[113],"fund":[115],"XSEDE.":[116,221,275],"That":[117],"is,":[118],"Government\u2019s":[122],"is":[126],"at":[127],"least":[128],"1":[129],"year.":[131],"Over":[132],"course":[134],"study":[137],"period,":[138],"rose":[143],"0.99":[145],"1.78.":[147],"increase":[149],"due":[151],"partly":[152,170],"our":[154,205],"ability":[155],"assign":[157],"more":[161,163,190],"XSEDE\u2019s":[165],"services":[166,177],"over":[167,179],"time":[168],"certain":[175],"increasing":[178],"time.":[180],"From":[181],"2020,":[184],"offered":[186],"an":[187],"than":[191],"$1.5":[192],"every":[196],"$1.0":[197],"invested":[198],"Government.":[203],"Because":[204],"estimations":[206],"were":[207],"very":[208],"conservative,":[209],"figure":[211],"represents":[212],"created":[219,228],"The":[222],"most":[223],"important":[224],"part":[225],"\u201dreturns\u201d":[227],"are":[231],"actual":[233],"outcomes":[234,273],"it":[235],"enables":[236],"terms":[238],"education,":[240],"enabling":[241],"new":[242,249],"discoveries,":[243],"supporting":[245],"creation":[247],"inventions":[250],"improve":[252],"quality":[253],"life.":[255],"future":[257],"work":[258],"will":[260],"use":[261],"newly":[262],"developed":[263],"accounting":[264],"begin":[267],"assessing":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
