{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210260423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491219","title":"Power-based Attacks on Spatial DNN Accelerators","display_name":"Power-based Attacks on Spatial DNN Accelerators","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210260423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010778416","display_name":"Ge Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-6859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1075-6859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071185644","display_name":"Mohit Tiwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-3451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohit Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090899796","display_name":"Michael Orshansky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Orshansky","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9711,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78856267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7164211273193359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5452724695205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.486532598733902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systolic-array","display_name":"Systolic array","score":0.4786966145038605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.46820905804634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4604654014110565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.44790738821029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.44479769468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.42332345247268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.37714070081710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3670662045478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.35038256645202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2815086245536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28053075075149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.1825731098651886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7164211273193359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5452724695205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.486532598733902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150741067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377218","display_name":"Systolic array","level":3,"score":0.4786966145038605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.46820905804634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4604654014110565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.44790738821029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.44479769468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.42332345247268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.37714070081710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3670662045478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.35038256645202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2815086245536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28053075075149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.1825731098651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21072581","https://openalex.org/W62001074","https://openalex.org/W1512062395","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1595334710","https://openalex.org/W1893133781","https://openalex.org/W1995562189","https://openalex.org/W2109309427","https://openalex.org/W2133198962","https://openalex.org/W2141917475","https://openalex.org/W2147768505","https://openalex.org/W2161740631","https://openalex.org/W2491896407","https://openalex.org/W2508015754","https://openalex.org/W2533800772","https://openalex.org/W2591982329","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2607941059","https://openalex.org/W2809523935","https://openalex.org/W2951209721","https://openalex.org/W2951308087","https://openalex.org/W2953212265","https://openalex.org/W3008983606","https://openalex.org/W3081488247","https://openalex.org/W3118164462","https://openalex.org/W4300072878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3099313426","https://openalex.org/W4287593139","https://openalex.org/W752783541","https://openalex.org/W1506547947","https://openalex.org/W2022229285","https://openalex.org/W46448156","https://openalex.org/W2283084692","https://openalex.org/W2130878144","https://openalex.org/W4206811032","https://openalex.org/W2995605830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,7,27,68],"DNN-based":[3],"applications,":[4],"the":[5,51,66,110,128,136,152,162,182],"confidentiality":[6],"DNN":[8,28,197],"model":[9,31],"is":[10,150,177],"an":[11],"important":[12],"commercial":[13],"goal.":[14],"Spatial":[15],"accelerators,":[16,36],"which":[17],"parallelize":[18],"matrix/vector":[19],"operations,":[20],"are":[21,107,119],"utilized":[22],"for":[23,92,103,195],"enhancing":[24],"energy":[25],"efficiency":[26],"computation.":[29],"Recently,":[30],"extraction":[32],"attacks":[33],"on":[34,60,109,127,161],"simple":[35],"either":[37],"with":[38,83,143,173,185],"a":[39,45,87,93,98,169],"single":[40],"processing":[41],"element":[42],"or":[43],"running":[44],"binarized":[46],"network,":[47],"were":[48],"demonstrated":[49],"using":[50,72],"methodology":[52],"derived":[53],"from":[54],"differential":[55],"power":[56,133],"analysis":[57],"(DPA)":[58],"attack":[59],"cryptographic":[61],"devices.":[62],"This":[63],"article":[64],"investigates":[65],"vulnerability":[67],"realistic":[69],"spatial":[70,196],"accelerators":[71],"general,":[73],"8-bit,":[74],"number":[75],"representation.":[76],"We":[77,114,146],"investigate":[78],"two":[79],"systolic":[80],"array":[81,91,102,138,154,184],"architectures":[82,118],"weight-stationary":[84],"dataflow:":[85],"(1)":[86],"3":[88,99,101],"\u00d7":[89,100],"1":[90],"dot-product":[94],"operation":[95],"and":[96],"(2)":[97],"matrix-vector":[104],"multiplication.":[105],"Both":[106],"implemented":[108],"SAKURA-G":[111],"FPGA":[112],"board.":[113],"show":[115,147],"that":[116,148,168],"both":[117],"ultimately":[120],"vulnerable.":[121],"A":[122],"conventional":[123],"DPA":[124,172],"succeeds":[125],"fully":[126,180],"1D":[129],"array,":[130],"requiring":[131],"20K":[132],"measurements.":[134],"However,":[135,165],"2D":[137,153,183],"exhibits":[139],"higher":[140],"security":[141],"even":[142],"460K":[144],"traces.":[145,188],"this":[149],"because":[151],"intrinsically":[155],"entails":[156],"multiple":[157,174],"MACs":[158],"simultaneously":[159],"dependent":[160],"same":[163],"input.":[164],"we":[166],"find":[167],"novel":[170],"template-based":[171],"profiling":[175],"phases":[176],"able":[178],"to":[179,192],"break":[181],"only":[186],"40K":[187],"Corresponding":[189],"countermeasures":[190],"need":[191],"be":[193],"investigated":[194],"accelerators.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}