{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225150333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517790","title":"Slide-Tone and Tilt-Tone: 1-DOF Haptic Techniques for Conveying Shape Characteristics of Graphs to Blind Users","display_name":"Slide-Tone and Tilt-Tone: 1-DOF Haptic Techniques for Conveying Shape Characteristics of Graphs to Blind Users","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225150333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491102.3517790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033246787","display_name":"Danyang Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3368-7887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danyang Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering/ Stanford University / Shape Lab, Stanford University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering/ Stanford University / Shape Lab, Stanford University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026711201","display_name":"Alexa Siu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-1476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexa Fay Siu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090142928","display_name":"Wing-Sum Law","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1104-313X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wing-Sum Adrienne Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051125293","display_name":"Raymond Ruihong Zhen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Ruihong Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071551963","display_name":"Sile O\u2019Modhrain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-5469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111179","display_name":"Michigan United","ror":"https://ror.org/0291ys696","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sile O'Modhrain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315","https://openalex.org/I4210111179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039900558","display_name":"Sean Follmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5592-5949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Follmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1813,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98603839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9661999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.9656000137329102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonification","display_name":"Sonification","score":0.9070059061050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haptic-technology","display_name":"Haptic technology","score":0.8470721244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.769620418548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6574497222900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.6237265467643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.561273992061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.524254322052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.482318639755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.450428307056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.41417303681373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3254600465297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3164740800857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.178756982088089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08462905883789062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91607612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416058","display_name":"Sonification","level":2,"score":0.9070059061050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152086174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030571","display_name":"Haptic technology","level":2,"score":0.8470721244812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.769620418548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6574497222900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.6237265467643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.561273992061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.524254322052002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.482318639755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.450428307056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.41417303681373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3254600465297699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3164740800857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.178756982088089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08462905883789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491102.3517790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607743","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3231233041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016789, 2016363, DGE-1656518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50688157","https://openalex.org/W191813788","https://openalex.org/W567912776","https://openalex.org/W1539034057","https://openalex.org/W1970837267","https://openalex.org/W1978434525","https://openalex.org/W1985607324","https://openalex.org/W1986218835","https://openalex.org/W1987135115","https://openalex.org/W1987177365","https://openalex.org/W1988051780","https://openalex.org/W1999184850","https://openalex.org/W2026399866","https://openalex.org/W2041571037","https://openalex.org/W2050674259","https://openalex.org/W2055609675","https://openalex.org/W2058203255","https://openalex.org/W2064170275","https://openalex.org/W2065710951","https://openalex.org/W2067083952","https://openalex.org/W2069820904","https://openalex.org/W2075074019","https://openalex.org/W2104617690","https://openalex.org/W2107303974","https://openalex.org/W2108202644","https://openalex.org/W2110263011","https://openalex.org/W2112418710","https://openalex.org/W2113825416","https://openalex.org/W2127575767","https://openalex.org/W2133841386","https://openalex.org/W2138108309","https://openalex.org/W2144865115","https://openalex.org/W2147179960","https://openalex.org/W2204026420","https://openalex.org/W2205103754","https://openalex.org/W2218825596","https://openalex.org/W2333113699","https://openalex.org/W2336236397","https://openalex.org/W2339558352","https://openalex.org/W2484632199","https://openalex.org/W2496256601","https://openalex.org/W2497150691","https://openalex.org/W2499712209","https://openalex.org/W2534952818","https://openalex.org/W2610483525","https://openalex.org/W2730205379","https://openalex.org/W2796356930","https://openalex.org/W2894591195","https://openalex.org/W2900701007","https://openalex.org/W2903927271","https://openalex.org/W2905441660","https://openalex.org/W2968557747","https://openalex.org/W2971199458","https://openalex.org/W2981649310","https://openalex.org/W3028771637","https://openalex.org/W3031972640","https://openalex.org/W3040141037","https://openalex.org/W3045568791","https://openalex.org/W3047199091","https://openalex.org/W3096861106","https://openalex.org/W3127307774","https://openalex.org/W3160113833","https://openalex.org/W3165650553","https://openalex.org/W3205973265","https://openalex.org/W4211034356","https://openalex.org/W6836259730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251837693","https://openalex.org/W2965150687","https://openalex.org/W4304092500","https://openalex.org/W1563329648","https://openalex.org/W2903489948","https://openalex.org/W2176226776","https://openalex.org/W2116326246","https://openalex.org/W3205632492","https://openalex.org/W2625621205","https://openalex.org/W3033600316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"increasingly":[1],"rely":[2,26],"on":[3,27,58],"up-to-date,":[4],"data-driven":[5,30],"graphs":[6],"to":[7,28,62,80,84,122],"understand":[8],"our":[9],"environments":[10],"and":[11,21,72,93,110,116,138],"make":[12],"informed":[13],"decisions.":[14],"However,":[15],"many":[16],"of":[17,37],"the":[18,105,135],"methods":[19],"blind":[20],"visually":[22],"impaired":[23],"users":[24],"(BVI)":[25],"access":[29],"information":[31],"do":[32],"not":[33,40],"convey":[34],"important":[35],"shape-characteristics":[36],"graphs,":[38],"are":[39,43],"refreshable,":[41,53],"or":[42,127],"prohibitively":[44],"expensive.":[45],"To":[46],"address":[47],"these":[48,113,142],"limitations,":[49,137],"we":[50,99],"introduce":[51],"two":[52],"1-DOF":[54],"audio-haptic":[55],"interfaces":[56,114],"based":[57],"haptic":[59,143],"cues":[60,144],"fundamental":[61],"object":[63],"shape":[64,82,107],"perception.":[65],"Slide-tone":[66],"uses":[67,74],"finger":[68],"position":[69],"with":[70,78],"sonification,":[71],"Tilt-tone":[73],"fingerpad":[75],"contact":[76],"inclination":[77],"sonification":[79,128],"provide":[81],"feedback":[83],"users.":[85],"Through":[86],"formative":[87],"design":[88],"workshops":[89],"(n":[90,96],"=":[91,97],"3)":[92],"controlled":[94],"evaluations":[95],"8),":[98],"found":[100],"that":[101,117],"BVI":[102],"participants":[103],"appreciated":[104],"additional":[106],"information,":[108],"versatility,":[109],"reinforced":[111],"understanding":[112],"provide;":[115],"task":[118],"accuracy":[119],"was":[120],"comparable":[121],"using":[123],"interactive":[124],"tactile":[125],"graphics":[126],"alone.":[129],"Our":[130],"research":[131],"offers":[132],"insight":[133],"into":[134,145],"benefits,":[136],"considerations":[139],"for":[140],"adopting":[141],"a":[146],"data":[147],"visualization":[148],"context.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
