{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221159404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519729","title":"PromptChainer: Chaining Large Language Model Prompts through Visual Programming","display_name":"PromptChainer: Chaining Large Language Model Prompts through Visual Programming","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221159404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491101.3519729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607762","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519729","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004225142","display_name":"Tongshuang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-0588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongshuang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045401706","display_name":"Ellen Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066462000","display_name":"Aaron Donsbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aaron Donsbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014568612","display_name":"Jeff Gray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-6753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeff Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017949971","display_name":"Alejandra Molina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandra Molina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076929586","display_name":"Michael Terry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0918-7468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Terry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065663195","display_name":"Carrie J. Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-7128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carrie J Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3496,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82604328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.12080000340938568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.12080000340938568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.11400000005960464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.10279999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaining","display_name":"Chaining","score":0.9163250923156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8335534930229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.6655479073524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-chaining","display_name":"Forward chaining","score":0.552538275718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5285051465034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5241589546203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5098606944084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45755019783973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4271453619003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.41113948822021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.39872488379478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20733022689819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.10932156443595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10436657071113586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49020025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059099","display_name":"Chaining","level":2,"score":0.9163250923156738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8335534930229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.6655479073524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142614401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777433","display_name":"Forward chaining","level":3,"score":0.552538275718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5285051465034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5241589546203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5098606944084167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45755019783973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4271453619003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.41113948822021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.39872488379478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20733022689819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.10932156443595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10436657071113586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491101.3519729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607762","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2203.06566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.06566","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.06566","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2203.06566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2203.06566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491101.3519729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607762","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026366912","https://openalex.org/W2028424422","https://openalex.org/W2053859636","https://openalex.org/W2963077993","https://openalex.org/W3032875465","https://openalex.org/W3155340931","https://openalex.org/W3203321135","https://openalex.org/W4230939871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W450079","https://openalex.org/W11238252","https://openalex.org/W18216946","https://openalex.org/W17369446","https://openalex.org/W16328505","https://openalex.org/W5724101","https://openalex.org/W356833","https://openalex.org/W11861026","https://openalex.org/W7097013","https://openalex.org/W13735229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"LLMs":[1],"have":[2],"made":[3],"it":[4,74],"possible":[5],"to":[6,49,67,90,96,177],"rapidly":[7],"prototype":[8,97],"new":[9],"ML":[10],"functionalities,":[11],"many":[12],"real-world":[13],"applications":[14],"involve":[15],"complex":[16,58,180],"tasks":[17],"that":[18,34,64,115,159],"cannot":[19],"be":[20,68],"easily":[21],"handled":[22],"via":[23],"a":[24,62,87,124,165],"single":[25],"run":[26],"of":[27,43,123,167],"an":[28,142],"LLM.":[29],"Recent":[30],"work":[31],"has":[32],"found":[33],"chaining":[35],"multiple":[36,133],"LLM":[37,84,106],"runs":[38],"together":[39],"(with":[40],"the":[41,47,50,92,105,130],"output":[42],"one":[44],"step":[45,89],"being":[46],"input":[48],"next)":[51],"can":[52],"help":[53],"users":[54,78,116],"accomplish":[55],"these":[56,137],"more":[57,69,179],"tasks,":[59,181],"and":[60,71,155,169],"in":[61],"way":[63],"is":[65],"perceived":[66],"transparent":[70],"controllable.":[72],"However,":[73],"remains":[75],"unknown":[76],"what":[77],"need":[79,117],"when":[80],"authoring":[81,108],"their":[82],"own":[83],"chains":[85,176],"\u2013":[86],"key":[88],"lowering":[91],"barriers":[93],"for":[94,145,164],"non-AI-experts":[95],"AI-infused":[98],"applications.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"work,":[102],"we":[103,139,157],"explore":[104],"chain":[107,131,187],"process.":[109],"We":[110],"find":[111],"from":[112],"pilot":[113],"studies":[114,151],"support":[118],"transforming":[119],"data":[120],"between":[121],"steps":[122],"chain,":[125],"as":[126,128,182,184],"well":[127,183],"debugging":[129],"at":[132],"granularities.":[134],"To":[135],"address":[136],"needs,":[138],"designed":[140],"PromptChainer,":[141],"interactive":[143],"interface":[144],"visually":[146],"programming":[147],"chains.":[148],"Through":[149],"case":[150],"with":[152,171],"four":[153],"designers":[154],"developers,":[156],"show":[158],"PromptChainer":[160],"supports":[161],"building":[162],"prototypes":[163],"range":[166],"applications,":[168],"conclude":[170],"open":[172],"questions":[173],"on":[174],"scaling":[175],"even":[178],"supporting":[185],"low-fi":[186],"prototyping.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}
