{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225099240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519655","title":"On How Novices Approach Programming Exercises Before and During Coding","display_name":"On How Novices Approach Programming Exercises Before and During Coding","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225099240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491101.3519655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607762","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059726739","display_name":"Juan Pablo S\u00e1enz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-3089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Pablo Saenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023909289","display_name":"Luigi De Russis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi De Russis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4334,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79552469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7983180284500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7428942918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6385781764984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5677926540374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.5203887224197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4612736701965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4570988416671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.454543799161911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.407852441072464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3435361385345459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7983180284500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7428942918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6385781764984131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5677926540374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5203887224197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4612736701965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4570988416671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.454543799161911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.407852441072464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3435361385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3491101.3519655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607762","display_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2018037215","https://openalex.org/W2043918190","https://openalex.org/W2100029531","https://openalex.org/W2147070375","https://openalex.org/W2158081248","https://openalex.org/W2167759247","https://openalex.org/W2296095100","https://openalex.org/W2339183141","https://openalex.org/W2407505401","https://openalex.org/W2517261848","https://openalex.org/W2572242934","https://openalex.org/W2752686866","https://openalex.org/W2765399661","https://openalex.org/W2766624855","https://openalex.org/W2800751220","https://openalex.org/W2889140186","https://openalex.org/W2894540915","https://openalex.org/W2910880405","https://openalex.org/W2916123295","https://openalex.org/W2916601118","https://openalex.org/W2966671581","https://openalex.org/W3042730548","https://openalex.org/W3043358777","https://openalex.org/W3048168536","https://openalex.org/W3108408439","https://openalex.org/W3163358064","https://openalex.org/W4200304899","https://openalex.org/W4231748357","https://openalex.org/W4251662847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321442002","https://openalex.org/W2015265939","https://openalex.org/W2284072287","https://openalex.org/W2611067230","https://openalex.org/W2155788121","https://openalex.org/W4235469518","https://openalex.org/W2387706296","https://openalex.org/W2480201319","https://openalex.org/W2294325978","https://openalex.org/W2061417947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"tools":[1,196],"and":[2,20,73,105,125,134,153,176],"approaches":[3],"are":[4,39],"available":[5],"to":[6,11,22,97,119,159,197],"support":[7,160,181,198],"undergraduate":[8,35],"students":[9,38,167],"learning":[10],"program.":[12],"Most":[13],"of":[14,26,46,75],"them":[15],"concentrate":[16],"on":[17,57,65,188],"the":[18,24,31,44,58,71,76,85,90,94,107,127,143,146,173,183],"code":[19],"aim":[21],"ease":[23],"visualization":[25],"data":[27],"structures":[28],"or":[29],"guide":[30],"debugging.":[32],"However,":[33],"in":[34,43,68],"introductory":[36],"courses,":[37],"typically":[40],"given":[41],"exercises":[42,148],"form":[45],"a":[47,52,135,150,157],"natural":[48],"language":[49],"problem.":[50],"Deriving":[51],"correct":[53],"solution":[54],"largely":[55],"depends":[56],"problem-solving":[59,122,151,199],"strategy":[60],"they":[61,79,155,177],"adopt":[62],"rather":[63],"than":[64],"their":[66,161],"proficiency":[67],"dealing":[69],"with":[70,138],"syntax":[72],"semantics":[74],"code.":[77],"Indeed,":[78],"face":[80],"various":[81,170],"challenges":[82],"(apart":[83],"from":[84,149,182],"coding),":[86],"such":[87,121],"as":[88],"identifying":[89],"relevant":[91],"information,":[92],"stating":[93],"algorithmic":[95],"steps":[96],"solve":[98],"it,":[99],"breaking":[100],"it":[101],"into":[102],"smaller":[103],"parts,":[104],"evaluating":[106],"implemented":[108],"solution.":[109],"To":[110],"our":[111],"knowledge,":[112],"almost":[113],"no":[114],"attention":[115],"has":[116],"been":[117],"paid":[118],"supporting":[120],"strategies":[123],"before":[124],"during":[126],"coding.":[128],"This":[129],"paper":[130],"reports":[131],"an":[132],"interview":[133],"sketching":[136],"exercise":[137,174],"10":[139],"participants":[140],"exploring":[141],"how":[142,154],"novices":[144],"approach":[145],"programming":[147],"perspective":[152],"imagine":[156],"tool":[158],"cognitive":[162],"process.":[163],"Findings":[164],"show":[165],"that":[166],"intuitively":[168],"perform":[169],"actions":[171],"over":[172],"text,":[175],"would":[178],"appreciate":[179],"having":[180],"development":[184],"environment.":[185],"Accordingly,":[186],"based":[187],"these":[189],"findings,":[190],"we":[191],"provide":[192],"implications":[193],"for":[194],"designing":[195],"strategies.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}