{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215538409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489860","title":"Perceived Realism of Pedestrian Crowds Trajectories in VR","display_name":"Perceived Realism of Pedestrian Crowds Trajectories in VR","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215538409","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489860","mag":"3215538409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3489849.3489860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7589213","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036571605","display_name":"Daniele Giunchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1674-8876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Giunchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080213544","display_name":"Riccardo Bovo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-0260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Bovo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Imperial College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Imperial College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001129277","display_name":"Panayiotis Charalambous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-5132"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panayiotis Charalambous","raw_affiliation_strings":["V-EUPNEA: Living, Breathing Virtual Worlds, CYENS - Centre of Excellence, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"V-EUPNEA: Living, Breathing Virtual Worlds, CYENS - Centre of Excellence, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015928985","display_name":"Fotis Liarokapis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3617-2261"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fotis Liarokapis","raw_affiliation_strings":["CYENS - Centre of Excellence, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CYENS - Centre of Excellence, Cyprus","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010788556","display_name":"Alastair Shipman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3130-028X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alastair Shipman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054634922","display_name":"Stuart James","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2649-2133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Geometry and Modelling Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Geometry and Modelling Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071447827","display_name":"Anthony Steed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-3020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Steed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041993379","display_name":"Thomas Heinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-2123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Heinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realism","display_name":"Realism","score":0.7924063205718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.7286421656608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6837993860244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.6654734015464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-simulation","display_name":"Crowd simulation","score":0.6415058970451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6408755779266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6126894950866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.46677011251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.37249141931533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.35099339485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12846937775611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07535719871520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0716356635093689}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.7924063205718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.7286421656608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6837993860244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6654734015464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45617602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465266","display_name":"Crowd simulation","level":3,"score":0.6415058970451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6408755779266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6126894950866699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.46677011251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.37249141931533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.35099339485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12846937775611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07535719871520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0716356635093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3489849.3489860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489849.3489860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:7589213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7589213","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7589213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10140585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10140585/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: VRST '21: Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology. ACM: New York, NY, USA. (2021)","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/4f360dec-e1eb-4ca6-8fed-d70172996425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/4f360dec-e1eb-4ca6-8fed-d70172996425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Giunchi, D, Bovo, R, Charalambous, P, Liarokapis, F, Shipman, A, James, S, Steed, A & Heinis, T 2021, Perceived realism of pedestrian crowds trajectories in VR. in Proceedings of the 27th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology.","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:7589213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7589213","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7589213","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3068791495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2363925","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8243054746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"739578","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215538409.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496073641","https://openalex.org/W1965526764","https://openalex.org/W1978046798","https://openalex.org/W2019530605","https://openalex.org/W2038257638","https://openalex.org/W2043193462","https://openalex.org/W2057226585","https://openalex.org/W2156476439","https://openalex.org/W2166184469","https://openalex.org/W2167406389","https://openalex.org/W2558331875","https://openalex.org/W2611351665","https://openalex.org/W2611706523","https://openalex.org/W2611932403","https://openalex.org/W2624578341","https://openalex.org/W2804298512","https://openalex.org/W2805019964","https://openalex.org/W2989162561","https://openalex.org/W2998932971","https://openalex.org/W3087311975","https://openalex.org/W4255056845","https://openalex.org/W4302550679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1749168706","https://openalex.org/W2036586770","https://openalex.org/W606709926","https://openalex.org/W2980347456","https://openalex.org/W1643071209","https://openalex.org/W2911613207","https://openalex.org/W3043995842","https://openalex.org/W2094931707","https://openalex.org/W4299159492","https://openalex.org/W4376137772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crowd":[0],"simulation":[1],"algorithms":[2],"play":[3],"an":[4],"essential":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,34,80,90],"populating":[8],"Virtual":[9],"Reality":[10],"(VR)":[11],"environments":[12],"with":[13],"multiple":[14],"autonomous":[15],"humanoid":[16],"agents.":[17],"The":[18],"generation":[19],"of":[20,51,73,96,103],"plausible":[21],"trajectories":[22,75,98],"can":[23],"be":[24],"a":[25,87],"significant":[26],"computational":[27],"cost":[28],"for":[29],"real-time":[30],"graphics":[31],"engines,":[32],"especially":[33],"untethered":[35],"and":[36,49],"mobile":[37],"devices":[38],"such":[39],"as":[40],"portable":[41],"VR":[42],"devices.":[43],"Previous":[44],"research":[45],"explores":[46,69],"the":[47,61,71,77,94],"plausibility":[48],"realism":[50,72,95],"crowd":[52,74],"simulations":[53],"on":[54,65],"desktop":[55],"computers":[56],"but":[57],"fails":[58],"to":[59],"account":[60],"impact":[62],"it":[63],"has":[64],"immersion.":[66],"This":[67],"study":[68],"how":[70],"affects":[76],"perceived":[78,104],"immersion":[79],"VR.":[81],"We":[82],"do":[83],"so":[84],"by":[85],"running":[86],"psychophysical":[88],"experiment":[89],"which":[91],"participants":[92],"rate":[93],"real/synthetic":[97],"data,":[99],"showing":[100],"similar":[101],"level":[102],"realism.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
