{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281652542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489048.3522655","title":"Metamorphic Testing of Deep Learning Compilers","display_name":"Metamorphic Testing of Deep Learning Compilers","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281652542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489048.3522655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3489048.3522655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489048.3522655","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Abstract Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGMETRICS/IFIP PERFORMANCE Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070622803","display_name":"Dongwei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-5715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongwei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748265","display_name":"Zhibo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-156X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024293177","display_name":"Yuanyuan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-8923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019211490","display_name":"Qi Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7747-0332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100328348","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-7002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070622803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89609964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"65","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.9086995124816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8440939784049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7514495849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.7009619474411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6614497900009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6440552473068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5323325395584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43855246901512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42988064885139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.371854305267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.32106053829193115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.9086995124816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8440939784049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7514495849609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.7009619474411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6614497900009155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6440552473068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5323325395584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43855246901512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42988064885139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.371854305267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32106053829193115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3489048.3522655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3489048.3522655","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Abstract Proceedings of the 2022 ACM SIGMETRICS/IFIP PERFORMANCE Joint International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-116294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-85132147542&origin=inward","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3196239222","https://openalex.org/W6713134421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558134444","https://openalex.org/W2245390655","https://openalex.org/W106084318","https://openalex.org/W2025670560","https://openalex.org/W1498982577","https://openalex.org/W1527862632","https://openalex.org/W4220716144","https://openalex.org/W2730883564","https://openalex.org/W1480938817","https://openalex.org/W4309396470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"prosperous":[1],"trend":[2],"of":[3,18,97,125],"deploying":[4],"deep":[5,19],"neural":[6],"network":[7],"(DNN)":[8],"models":[9,76,101],"to":[10,59,70,77],"diverse":[11,38],"hardware":[12,39,45],"platforms":[13],"has":[14],"boosted":[15],"the":[16,94,98,148],"development":[17],"learning":[20],"(DL)":[21],"compilers.":[22],"DL":[23,57,83,122],"compilers":[24,58,84,143],"take":[25],"high-level":[26],"DNN":[27,35,75,100],"model":[28],"specifications":[29],"as":[30],"input":[31],"and":[32,44,102,135],"generate":[33,78],"optimized":[34],"executables":[36],"for":[37,56,89],"architectures":[40],"like":[41],"CPUs,":[42],"GPUs,":[43],"accelerators.":[46],"We":[47,108,137],"introduce":[48],"MT-DLComp,":[49],"a":[50],"metamorphic":[51,67],"testing":[52],"framework":[53],"specifically":[54],"designed":[55],"uncover":[60],"erroneous":[61,117],"compilations.":[62],"Our":[63],"approach":[64],"leverages":[65],"deliberately-designed":[66],"relations":[68],"(MRs)":[69],"launch":[71],"semantics-preserving":[72],"mutations":[73],"toward":[74],"their":[79,103],"variants.":[80],"This":[81],"way,":[82],"can":[85,114],"be":[86],"automatically":[87],"tested":[88],"compilation":[90],"correctness":[91],"by":[92,131,144],"comparing":[93],"execution":[95],"outputs":[96],"compiled":[99],"variants":[104],"without":[105],"manual":[106],"intervention.":[107],"detected":[109],"over":[110],"435":[111],"inputs":[112],"that":[113],"result":[115],"in":[116,119,141],"compilations":[118],"four":[120,139],"popular":[121],"compilers,":[123],"all":[124],"which":[126],"are":[127],"industry-strength":[128],"products":[129],"maintained":[130],"Amazon,":[132],"Facebook,":[133],"Microsoft,":[134],"Google.":[136],"uncovered":[138],"bugs":[140],"these":[142],"debugging":[145],"them":[146],"using":[147],"error-triggering":[149],"inputs.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
