{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281386997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488932.3527279","title":"Privacy Guarantees of BLE Contact Tracing for COVID-19 and Beyond: A Case Study on COVIDWISE","display_name":"Privacy Guarantees of BLE Contact Tracing for COVID-19 and Beyond: A Case Study on COVIDWISE","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281386997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488932.3527279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3488932.3527279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488932.3527279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363609011","display_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/d1c55b8e-9e24-44fb-b82d-b9947329215d/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047415405","display_name":"Salman Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-361X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salman Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765378","display_name":"Ya Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4030-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101705523","display_name":"Taejoong Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1270-0373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taejoong (Tijay) Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001203568","display_name":"Carol Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5726-4371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030243906","display_name":"Moti Yung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0848-0873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moti Yung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google & Columbia University, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google & Columbia University, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034366344","display_name":"Danfeng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danfeng (Dasphne) Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047415405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49274942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":null,"first_page":"1210","last_page":"1212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-tracing","display_name":"Contact tracing","score":0.8043715953826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.7872775793075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.7357725501060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6901438236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.66037517786026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6087610125541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.6032545566558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5927890539169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5044533014297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.4165025055408478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113162765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128437","display_name":"Contact tracing","level":5,"score":0.8043715953826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7872775793075562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.7357725501060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6901438236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.66037517786026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6087610125541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6032545566558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5927890539169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5044533014297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4165025055408478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3488932.3527279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488932.3527279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363609011","display_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 ACM on Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/112216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112216","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/d1c55b8e-9e24-44fb-b82d-b9947329215d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/112216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/112216","pdf_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstreams/d1c55b8e-9e24-44fb-b82d-b9947329215d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281386997.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014078782","https://openalex.org/W2883918218","https://openalex.org/W2986891876","https://openalex.org/W3023153840","https://openalex.org/W3046176010","https://openalex.org/W3163076983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213139346","https://openalex.org/W3204036590","https://openalex.org/W1989717680","https://openalex.org/W4225962435","https://openalex.org/W3158100496","https://openalex.org/W3130225502","https://openalex.org/W2170160357","https://openalex.org/W4399915950","https://openalex.org/W2012140923","https://openalex.org/W4287554683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Google":[0],"and":[1,10,20,27,32,42,47,54,63,108,116],"Apple":[2],"jointly":[3],"introduced":[4],"a":[5,91],"digital":[6],"contact":[7,23],"tracing":[8],"technology":[9,26,51,105],"an":[11],"API":[12],"called":[13],"\"exposure":[14],"notification,''":[15],"to":[16],"help":[17,111],"health":[18],"organizations":[19],"governments":[21],"with":[22,30,52,112],"tracing.":[24],"The":[25],"its":[28],"interplay":[29],"security":[31],"privacy":[33],"constraints":[34],"require":[35],"investigation.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"study,":[39],"we":[40],"examine":[41],"analyze":[43],"the":[44,50,72,82,85,88,97,102,113],"security,":[45],"privacy,":[46],"reliability":[48],"of":[49,74,84,99,101],"actual":[53],"typical":[55,59],"scenarios":[56],"(and":[57],"expected":[58],"adversary":[60],"in":[61,71],"mind),":[62],"quite":[64],"realistic":[65],"use":[66],"cases.":[67],"We":[68],"do":[69],"it":[70],"context":[73],"Virginia's":[75],"COVIDWISE":[76],"app.":[77],"This":[78],"experimental":[79],"analysis":[80],"validates":[81],"properties":[83],"system":[86],"under":[87],"above":[89],"conditions,":[90],"result":[92],"that":[93],"seems":[94],"crucial":[95],"for":[96],"peace":[98],"mind":[100],"exposure":[103],"notification":[104],"adopting":[106],"authorities,":[107],"may":[109],"also":[110],"system's":[114],"transparency":[115],"overall":[117],"user":[118],"trust.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}