{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213092956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488560.3498399","title":"Harvesting More Answer Spans from Paragraph beyond Annotation","display_name":"Harvesting More Answer Spans from Paragraph beyond Annotation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213092956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488560.3498399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3488560.3498399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488560.3498399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608885","display_name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025963521","display_name":"Qiaoben Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaoben Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044059576","display_name":"Jiangjie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-0386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangjie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013187436","display_name":"Linfang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linfang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746224","display_name":"Jingping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8671-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075507821","display_name":"Jiaqing Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0670-5602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqing Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090455375","display_name":"Yanghua Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-9591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanghua Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University; Fudan-Aishu Cognitive Intelligence Joint Research Center; &amp; East China University of Science &amp; Technology, Shanghai, China","Fudan University","& East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University; Fudan-Aishu Cognitive Intelligence Joint Research Center; &amp; East China University of Science &amp; Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"& East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025963521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1041,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22566396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"27","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8224183320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.8194169998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.7868070006370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paragraph","display_name":"Paragraph","score":0.7506475448608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6033518314361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.603006899356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5300925374031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5106356739997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47491180896759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12905222177505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.10005596280097961}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8224183320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.8194169998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.7868070006370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777206241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194431","display_name":"Paragraph","level":2,"score":0.7506475448608398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6033518314361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.603006899356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5300925374031067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5106356739997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47491180896759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12905222177505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.10005596280097961}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3488560.3498399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488560.3498399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608885","display_name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317957491","https://openalex.org/W2750779823","https://openalex.org/W2757715585","https://openalex.org/W2912083425","https://openalex.org/W2950733407","https://openalex.org/W2953010755","https://openalex.org/W2962717047","https://openalex.org/W2962929649","https://openalex.org/W2962970841","https://openalex.org/W2962977247","https://openalex.org/W2963014179","https://openalex.org/W2963323070","https://openalex.org/W2970419734","https://openalex.org/W2971019153","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2997827534","https://openalex.org/W3012643966","https://openalex.org/W3034630799","https://openalex.org/W3035543689","https://openalex.org/W3035625205","https://openalex.org/W3037109418","https://openalex.org/W3101007570","https://openalex.org/W3101798106","https://openalex.org/W3103417625","https://openalex.org/W3103923992","https://openalex.org/W3114452842","https://openalex.org/W3176765152","https://openalex.org/W4365799947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2747680751","https://openalex.org/W1563486531","https://openalex.org/W1512698090","https://openalex.org/W2912924812","https://openalex.org/W3135458802","https://openalex.org/W2182296156","https://openalex.org/W2375050198","https://openalex.org/W2027802587","https://openalex.org/W4239111889","https://openalex.org/W2949852839"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AutomaticA":[0],"nswer":[1],"spanE":[2],"xtraction":[3],"(AE)":[4],"focuses":[5],"on":[6,38,165],"identifying":[7],"key":[8],"information":[9],"from":[10,53,133,148],"paragraphs":[11],"that":[12],"can":[13],"be":[14],"asked.":[15],"It":[16],"has":[17],"been":[18],"used":[19],"to":[20,59],"facilitate":[21],"downstream":[22,169],"question":[23,30,152],"generation":[24],"tasks":[25,170],"or":[26],"data":[27],"augmentation":[28],"for":[29,106],"answering.":[31],"Current":[32],"work":[33],"of":[34,63,151,174],"AE":[35,115,120,167],"heavily":[36],"relies":[37],"the":[39,54,60,88,112,149,172],"annotated":[40],"answer":[41,107,131],"spans":[42,132,139],"fromM":[43],"achineR":[44],"eadingC":[45],"omprehension":[46],"(MRC)":[47],"datasets.":[48],"However,":[49],"these":[50],"methods":[51],"suffer":[52],"partial":[55],"annotation":[56,61],"problem":[57],"due":[58],"protocols":[62],"MRC":[64,117],"tasks.":[65],"To":[66,135],"tackle":[67],"this":[68],"problem,":[69,127],"we":[70,142],"propose":[71],"\\mymethod,":[72],"a":[73,92,102],"S":[74],"tructured":[75],"Co":[76],"ntext":[77],"graph":[78,93],"network":[79,105],"with":[80,94,160],"P":[81],"ositive":[82],"-unlabeled":[83],"learning.":[84],"\\mymethod":[85,110],"first":[86],"represents":[87],"paragraph":[89],"by":[90,118],"constructing":[91],"both":[95,166],"syntactic":[96],"and":[97,116,154,168],"semantic":[98],"edges,":[99],"then":[100],"adopts":[101],"unified":[103],"pointer":[104],"span":[108],"identification.":[109],"narrows":[111],"discrenpency":[113],"between":[114],"formulating":[119],"as":[121],"aP":[122],"ositive-\\textitu":[123],"nlabeled":[124],"(PU)":[125],"learning":[126],"thus":[128],"recovering":[129],"more":[130],"paragraphs.":[134],"evaluate":[136],"newly":[137],"extracted":[138],"without":[140],"annotation,":[141],"also":[143],"present":[144],"an":[145],"automatic":[146],"metric":[147],"perspective":[150],"answering":[153],"text":[155],"summarization,":[156],"which":[157],"correlates":[158],"well":[159],"human":[161],"judgments.":[162],"Comprehensive":[163],"experiments":[164],"demonstrate":[171],"effectiveness":[173],"our":[175],"proposed":[176],"framework.":[177],"Our":[178],"code":[179],"is":[180],"available":[181],"at":[182],"\\urlhttps://github.com/iambabao/SCOPE.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
