{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285361317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488423.3519326","title":"Zoned FTL: Achieve Resource Isolation via Hardware Virtualization","display_name":"Zoned FTL: Achieve Resource Isolation via Hardware Virtualization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285361317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488423.3519326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3488423.3519326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488423.3519326","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017493298","display_name":"Luyi Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8510-5551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyi Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland College Park, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland College Park, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047597896","display_name":"Bruce Jacob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3493-8245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland College Park, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland College Park, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50182039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7874824404716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.706389844417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.695006787776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6206193566322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.5984593033790588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5684759616851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-isolation-among-virtual-machines","display_name":"Temporal isolation among virtual machines","score":0.5378308892250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5196555852890015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multitenancy","display_name":"Multitenancy","score":0.49010905623435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21648141741752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.2038469910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.14035958051681519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7874824404716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.706389844417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.695006787776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6206193566322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.5984593033790588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5684759616851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142355369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698919","display_name":"Temporal isolation among virtual machines","level":4,"score":0.5378308892250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5196555852890015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69016650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364211","display_name":"Multitenancy","level":5,"score":0.49010905623435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21648141741752625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2038469910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.14035958051681519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175133352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254596","display_name":"Software as a service","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3488423.3519326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3488423.3519326","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The International Symposium on Memory Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W135313748","https://openalex.org/W1965869859","https://openalex.org/W2028661945","https://openalex.org/W2084226860","https://openalex.org/W2142875853","https://openalex.org/W2169665207","https://openalex.org/W2614421408","https://openalex.org/W2765844783","https://openalex.org/W2791638009","https://openalex.org/W2916618915","https://openalex.org/W3006287432","https://openalex.org/W3100306998","https://openalex.org/W3172127112","https://openalex.org/W4230107665","https://openalex.org/W6605390881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483119918","https://openalex.org/W2096801503","https://openalex.org/W4390444060","https://openalex.org/W2133508824","https://openalex.org/W2040752365","https://openalex.org/W2127488725","https://openalex.org/W1902822905","https://openalex.org/W1559726057","https://openalex.org/W2906562101","https://openalex.org/W2022726031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"NVMe":[0,49],"Solid-State":[1],"Drives":[2],"(SSDs)":[3],"offer":[4],"unprecedented":[5],"throughput":[6,154],"and":[7,17,29,65,69,86,129,155],"response":[8],"time":[9],"for":[10,110],"data":[11],"centers.":[12],"To":[13],"increase":[14],"resource":[15],"utilization":[16],"enable":[18],"necessary":[19],"isolation,":[20],"service":[21],"providers":[22],"usually":[23],"accommodate":[24],"multiple":[25,111],"Virtual":[26],"Machines":[27],"(VMs)":[28],"lightweight":[30],"containers":[31],"on":[32,125],"the":[33,62,71,80,87,123,145,157],"same":[34],"physical":[35,108],"server.":[36],"Till":[37],"today,":[38],"providing":[39],"predictable":[40,84],"storage":[41,119],"performance":[42,75,85,147],"is":[43],"still":[44,51],"challenging":[45],"as":[46,53],"commercial":[47],"datacenter":[48],"SSDs":[50],"appear":[52],"black-box":[54],"block":[55],"devices.":[56],"This":[57],"motivates":[58],"us":[59],"to":[60,93,151,163],"re-examine":[61],"I/O":[63],"stack":[64],"firmware":[66],"design,":[67,101],"discuss":[68],"quantify":[70],"root":[72],"causes":[73],"of":[74,135],"interference.":[76],"We":[77,97,121],"argue":[78],"that":[79,142],"semantic":[81],"gap":[82],"between":[83],"underlying":[88],"device":[89],"must":[90],"be":[91],"bridged":[92],"address":[94],"this":[95],"challenge.":[96],"propose":[98],"a":[99,133,166],"split-level":[100],"Zoned":[102],"FTL":[103],"(),":[104],"which":[105],"enables":[106],"strong":[107],"isolation":[109],"virtualized":[112],"services":[113],"with":[114],"minimal":[115],"changes":[116],"in":[117,165],"existing":[118],"stacks.":[120],"implement":[122],"prototype":[124],"an":[126],"SSD":[127],"emulator":[128],"evaluate":[130],"it":[131],"under":[132],"variety":[134],"multi-tenant":[136],"environments.":[137],"The":[138],"evaluation":[139],"results":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"barely":[143],"impacts":[144],"raw":[146],"while":[148],"delivering":[149],"up":[150,162],"1.51x":[152],"better":[153],"reduce":[156],"99th":[158],"percentile":[159],"latency":[160],"by":[161],"79.4%":[164],"multi-tenancy":[167],"environment.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
