{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293261694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3487553.3524629","title":"Characterizing the OpenSea NFT Marketplace","display_name":"Characterizing the OpenSea NFT Marketplace","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293261694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3487553.3524629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3487553.3524629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3487553.3524629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608846","display_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101849155","display_name":"Bryan A. White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9107-1167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan White","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046437897","display_name":"Aniket Mahanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6545-3073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aniket Mahanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035585945","display_name":"Kalpdrum Passi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-7901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52353378","display_name":"Laurentian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcwtr18","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52353378"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalpdrum Passi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laurentian University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laurentian University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52353378"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.1092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99655945,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"488","last_page":"496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13342","display_name":"Art History and Market Analysis","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9553999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collectable","display_name":"Collectable","score":0.8541397452354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5403985381126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volatility","display_name":"Volatility (finance)","score":0.5350791811943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.4970119297504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.43310320377349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3453531861305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.32495754957199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.14831838011741638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2342494","display_name":"Collectable","level":2,"score":0.8541397452354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5403985381126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91602232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756115","display_name":"Volatility (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5350791811943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.4970119297504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43310320377349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3453531861305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32495754957199097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.14831838011741638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3487553.3524629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3487553.3524629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608846","display_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992577911","https://openalex.org/W2067751194","https://openalex.org/W2116166888","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2578650430","https://openalex.org/W2949525215","https://openalex.org/W3135677055","https://openalex.org/W3152515680","https://openalex.org/W3169156335","https://openalex.org/W3203324920","https://openalex.org/W4206764634","https://openalex.org/W4207056440","https://openalex.org/W4226427797","https://openalex.org/W4283719430","https://openalex.org/W6732534529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2461978323","https://openalex.org/W1843974767","https://openalex.org/W2087960970","https://openalex.org/W2904179086","https://openalex.org/W2392802331","https://openalex.org/W3202866963","https://openalex.org/W2229958121","https://openalex.org/W3203407852","https://openalex.org/W432133752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non":[0],"Fungible":[1],"Tokens":[2],"(NFTs)":[3],"are":[4,75,78,224],"unique":[5],"digital":[6,52],"identifiers":[7],"used":[8],"to":[9,49,94,164,185,210,231],"represent":[10],"ownership":[11,53],"of":[12,30,43,61,72,144,153,170,206,222,242,256],"various":[13],"cryptoassets":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,87],"music,":[17],"artwork,":[18],"collectibles,":[19],"game":[20],"assets":[21],"and":[22,27,32,41,86,118,133,149,198,208,226,251],"allow":[23],"for":[24,36,55],"an":[25,142],"unalterable":[26],"provable":[28],"chain":[29],"creation":[31],"ownership.":[33],"The":[34],"market":[35,163],"NFTs":[37,77],"exploded":[38],"in":[39,99,161,218,233],"2021,":[40],"much":[42],"the":[44,56,70,83,96,109,113,154,162,179,183,196,204,214,219,243],"public":[45],"is":[46,65,172],"being":[47],"exposed":[48],"this":[50,62,89],"new":[51,63],"medium":[54,64],"first":[57,138],"time.":[58],"While":[59],"uptake":[60],"relatively":[66,249],"slow,":[67],"we":[68,177,202],"feel":[69],"prospects":[71],"blockchain":[73],"technology":[74],"up-and-coming.":[76],"still":[79],"largely":[80],"misunderstood":[81],"by":[82,140],"wider":[84],"community,":[85],"such,":[88],"provides":[90],"a":[91,167,253,257],"fascinating":[92],"opportunity":[93],"explore":[95],"NFT":[97,110,244],"marketplace":[98,111,245],"greater":[100],"depth.":[101],"We":[102,137,157],"analyzed":[103],"sales":[104,119,126],"data":[105,146,155],"from":[106],"OpenSea":[107],"-":[108],"with":[112],"most":[114,227],"extensive":[115],"user":[116,159],"base":[117],"volume.":[120],"Our":[121],"study":[122],"considered":[123],"5.25":[124],"million":[125],"that":[127,166,212,216,246],"occurred":[128],"between":[129],"January":[130],"1,":[131],"2019,":[132],"December":[134],"31,":[135],"2021.":[136],"lead":[139],"presenting":[141],"overview":[143],"our":[145],"collection":[147],"process":[148],"summarizing":[150],"key":[151],"statistics":[152],"set.":[156],"examine":[158],"behaviour":[160],"show":[165,186,211],"small":[168],"subset":[169],"heavy-hitters":[171],"driving":[173],"massive":[174],"growth.":[175],"Secondly,":[176],"review":[178,203],"economic":[180],"activity":[181],"within":[182,195],"network":[184,205],"how":[187],"these":[188,234],"power":[189,228],"users":[190,223,229],"drive":[191],"extreme":[192],"price":[193],"volatility":[194],"Art":[197],"Collectible":[199],"categories.":[200],"Lastly,":[201],"buyers":[207],"sellers":[209],"despite":[213],"sparsity":[215],"exists":[217],"network,":[220],"communities":[221],"forming,":[225],"tend":[230],"congregate":[232],"structures.":[235],"These":[236],"findings":[237],"shed":[238],"light":[239],"on":[240],"areas":[241],"have":[247],"been":[248],"unexamined":[250],"provide":[252],"multi-level":[254],"analysis":[255],"multi-billion":[258],"dollar":[259],"market.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}