{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226391428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486622.3493917","title":"Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity: Survey, Requirements, Use-Cases, and Comparative Study","display_name":"Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity: Survey, Requirements, Use-Cases, and Comparative Study","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226391428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486622.3493917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3486622.3493917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486622.3493917","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3486622.3493917","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608074","display_name":"IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3486622.3493917","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046599936","display_name":"Razieh Nokhbeh Zaeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-5814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Razieh Nokhbeh Zaeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029652307","display_name":"Kai Chih Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Chih Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041728867","display_name":"Teng-Chieh Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng-Chieh Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001183602","display_name":"David Liau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Liau","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047078279","display_name":"Wenting Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenting Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111445004","display_name":"Aditya Tyagi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Tyagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059693907","display_name":"Manah M. Khalil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302485747","display_name":"Verizon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vdyxx64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manah Khalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Verizon, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Verizon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049074703","display_name":"Michael R. Lamison","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302485747","display_name":"Verizon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vdyxx64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Lamison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Verizon, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Verizon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059737090","display_name":"Siddharth Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-5353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302485747","display_name":"Verizon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vdyxx64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Verizon, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Verizon, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302485747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037778963","display_name":"K. Suzanne Barber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2906-6583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Suzanne Barber","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046599936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1052,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96850839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"128","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-identity","display_name":"Digital identity","score":0.847489595413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity-management","display_name":"Identity management","score":0.752112865447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.6712275147438049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/issuer","display_name":"Issuer","score":0.6402161717414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4672379791736603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44965648651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4470415711402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.44656094908714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"Digital transformation","score":0.4115142822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3394768238067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2718997299671173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.10513162612915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.07220184803009033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779813694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528053","display_name":"Digital identity","level":3,"score":0.847489595413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555379026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977772","display_name":"Identity management","level":3,"score":0.752112865447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.6712275147438049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138170105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337949","display_name":"Issuer","level":2,"score":0.6402161717414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4672379791736603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44965648651123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4470415711402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.44656094908714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126082660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4252370","display_name":"Digital transformation","level":2,"score":0.4115142822265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3394768238067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2718997299671173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.10513162612915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.07220184803009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3486622.3493917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486622.3493917","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3486622.3493917","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608074","display_name":"IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3486622.3493917","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486622.3493917","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3486622.3493917","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608074","display_name":"IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226391428.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226391428.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2554824981","https://openalex.org/W2574055636","https://openalex.org/W2578476968","https://openalex.org/W2795216684","https://openalex.org/W2800809692","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2806361271","https://openalex.org/W2884325794","https://openalex.org/W2897433711","https://openalex.org/W2902354764","https://openalex.org/W2948425916","https://openalex.org/W2953063160","https://openalex.org/W2964062734","https://openalex.org/W2965782153","https://openalex.org/W2980965546","https://openalex.org/W2987069389","https://openalex.org/W3003033094","https://openalex.org/W3024823144","https://openalex.org/W3033451189","https://openalex.org/W3122926643","https://openalex.org/W3128165415","https://openalex.org/W3216714879","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6732005782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308433763","https://openalex.org/W3035518953","https://openalex.org/W2898512050","https://openalex.org/W4402073113","https://openalex.org/W3110872243","https://openalex.org/W4236961386","https://openalex.org/W4386213623","https://openalex.org/W4385282342","https://openalex.org/W2150958676","https://openalex.org/W2625931504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Identity":[0,70],"is":[1,24,112],"at":[2],"the":[3,20,79,88,117,134,142,178,184],"heart":[4],"of":[5,16,34,75,150,155,162,193],"digital":[6,9,17,35,60],"transformation.":[7],"Successful":[8],"transformation":[10],"requires":[11],"confidence":[12],"in":[13,96,133],"and":[14,27,51,56,67,72,104,121,124,152,157,182,191,197],"protection":[15],"identities.":[18],"On":[19],"Internet,":[21],"however,":[22],"there":[23],"no":[25],"unique":[26],"standard":[28],"identity":[29,49,54,76,93,102,165,195],"layer.":[30],"Consequently,":[31],"a":[32,147],"variety":[33],"identities":[36,61],"have":[37],"emerged":[38],"over":[39],"years,":[40],"leading":[41],"to":[42,62,65,90,107,170],"privacy":[43],"risks,":[44],"security":[45],"vulnerabilities,":[46],"risks":[47],"for":[48,53,186],"owners,":[50],"liability":[52],"issuers":[55],"those":[57,129],"relying":[58],"on":[59,78,177],"grant":[63],"access":[64],"goods":[66],"services.":[68],"Self-Sovereign":[69],"(SSI)":[71],"similar":[73],"forms":[74],"management":[77,166,196],"blockchain":[80],"distributed":[81],"ledger":[82],"are":[83],"novel":[84,194],"technologies":[85,131],"that":[86,145],"recognize":[87],"need":[89],"keep":[91],"user":[92],"privately":[94],"stored":[95],"user-owned":[97],"devices,":[98],"securely":[99],"verified":[100],"by":[101],"issuers,":[103],"only":[105],"revealed":[106],"verifiers":[108],"as":[109],"needed.":[110],"There":[111],"limited":[113],"academic":[114],"literature":[115,135],"defining":[116],"prerequisite":[118],"SSI":[119,126,130,156,180,198],"functional":[120,151],"non-functional":[122,153],"requirements":[123,154],"comparing":[125],"technologies.":[127],"Often":[128],"reviewed":[132],"lack":[136],"behind":[137],"current":[138],"advances.":[139],"We":[140],"present":[141],"first":[143],"work":[144,174],"compiles":[146],"comprehensive":[148],"list":[149],"compares":[158],"an":[159],"extensive":[160],"number":[161],"existing":[163],"SSI/blockchain-based":[164],"solutions":[167],"with":[168],"respect":[169],"these":[171],"requirements.":[172],"Our":[173],"sheds":[175],"light":[176],"state-of-the-art":[179],"development":[181,192],"paves":[183],"way":[185],"future,":[187],"more":[188],"informed":[189],"analysis":[190],"solutions.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
