{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137305332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486250","title":"Semantic Models for the First-Stage Retrieval: A Comprehensive Review","display_name":"Semantic Models for the First-Stage Retrieval: A Comprehensive Review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137305332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486250","mag":"3137305332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3486250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.04831","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109736354","display_name":"Jiafeng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-8674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiafeng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084642830","display_name":"Yinqiong Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-8213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinqiong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006971161","display_name":"Yixing Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4317-2702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixing Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101467161","display_name":"Fei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6146-148X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009898523","display_name":"Ruqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-2541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029998682","display_name":"Xueqi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueqi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98799233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6067498922348022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.5664811134338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5630049109458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.44568362832069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3304842710494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12062433362007141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6067498922348022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5664811134338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5630049109458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.44568362832069397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3304842710494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12062433362007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3486250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3486250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.04831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.04831","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.04831","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.04831","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.04831","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.04831","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1731793062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20144310 and 2021100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2407107572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902381, 62006218, and 61872338","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":341,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11171803","https://openalex.org/W60779023","https://openalex.org/W94637519","https://openalex.org/W132343450","https://openalex.org/W136907812","https://openalex.org/W202794677","https://openalex.org/W1483313504","https://openalex.org/W1507223999","https://openalex.org/W1516184288","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1572272766","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1801866228","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1928657940","https://openalex.org/W1964348731","https://openalex.org/W1966093341","https://openalex.org/W1973289172","https://openalex.org/W1973435495","https://openalex.org/W1974490937","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1979065383","https://openalex.org/W1979459060","https://openalex.org/W1982858363","https://openalex.org/W1984565341","https://openalex.org/W1987996059","https://openalex.org/W2009077327","https://openalex.org/W2014706780","https://openalex.org/W2027445772","https://openalex.org/W2028175314","https://openalex.org/W2028282769","https://openalex.org/W2028742638","https://openalex.org/W2042980227","https://openalex.org/W2048978851","https://openalex.org/W2055981215","https://openalex.org/W2061382457","https://openalex.org/W2062270497","https://openalex.org/W2068297964","https://openalex.org/W2070740689","https://openalex.org/W2071106922","https://openalex.org/W2077815765","https://openalex.org/W2077948748","https://openalex.org/W2082718666","https://openalex.org/W2086504823","https://openalex.org/W2093390569","https://openalex.org/W2095368471","https://openalex.org/W2096077837","https://openalex.org/W2096411881","https://openalex.org/W2096468639","https://openalex.org/W2096937925","https://openalex.org/W2100664567","https://openalex.org/W2102035799","https://openalex.org/W2103971611","https://openalex.org/W2104049510","https://openalex.org/W2105106523","https://openalex.org/W2105157020","https://openalex.org/W2107743791","https://openalex.org/W2113639991","https://openalex.org/W2117473841","https://openalex.org/W2120641257","https://openalex.org/W2124359374","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2127589108","https://openalex.org/W2129971563","https://openalex.org/W2130395434","https://openalex.org/W2130520240","https://openalex.org/W2131726681","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2135029798","https://openalex.org/W2135175918","https://openalex.org/W2136189984","https://openalex.org/W2138662031","https://openalex.org/W2140310134","https://openalex.org/W2143584266","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2147717514","https://openalex.org/W2153252192","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2155188720","https://openalex.org/W2155482025","https://openalex.org/W2158201212","https://openalex.org/W2159859920","https://openalex.org/W2160484851","https://openalex.org/W2160567191","https://openalex.org/W2160825952","https://openalex.org/W2162006472","https://openalex.org/W2164547069","https://openalex.org/W2165489143","https://openalex.org/W2165558283","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2168859760","https://openalex.org/W2169213601","https://openalex.org/W2169498276","https://openalex.org/W2170245882","https://openalex.org/W2170738476","https://openalex.org/W2171590421","https://openalex.org/W2173361515","https://openalex.org/W2174678383","https://openalex.org/W2186845332","https://openalex.org/W2225766585","https://openalex.org/W2250175451","https://openalex.org/W2250434988","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W2260194779","https://openalex.org/W2270593706","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2338325072","https://openalex.org/W2341132943","https://openalex.org/W2346626577","https://openalex.org/W2405884322","https://openalex.org/W2412453619","https://openalex.org/W2427527485","https://openalex.org/W2463885964","https://openalex.org/W2466445867","https://openalex.org/W2472952455","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2514077680","https://openalex.org/W2516196286","https://openalex.org/W2516925101","https://openalex.org/W2530085701","https://openalex.org/W2536015822","https://openalex.org/W2537425075","https://openalex.org/W2539671052","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2591957553","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2609517418","https://openalex.org/W2609575245","https://openalex.org/W2609826708","https://openalex.org/W2611029872","https://openalex.org/W2611099133","https://openalex.org/W2612431505","https://openalex.org/W2620165681","https://openalex.org/W2622338386","https://openalex.org/W2648699835","https://openalex.org/W2725049817","https://openalex.org/W2734823783","https://openalex.org/W2740747097","https://openalex.org/W2741632195","https://openalex.org/W2743327679","https://openalex.org/W2757662681","https://openalex.org/W2759083144","https://openalex.org/W2774514250","https://openalex.org/W2783640434","https://openalex.org/W2784163702","https://openalex.org/W2787560479","https://openalex.org/W2798746280","https://openalex.org/W2799079108","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2842511635","https://openalex.org/W2887729785","https://openalex.org/W2889119508","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897754576","https://openalex.org/W2901894078","https://openalex.org/W2905441753","https://openalex.org/W2909137510","https://openalex.org/W2909544278","https://openalex.org/W2912924812","https://openalex.org/W2913932916","https://openalex.org/W2922386288","https://openalex.org/W2936133855","https://openalex.org/W2937036051","https://openalex.org/W2937182854","https://openalex.org/W2945806531","https://openalex.org/W2948110372","https://openalex.org/W2949434543","https://openalex.org/W2950491307","https://openalex.org/W2950572117","https://openalex.org/W2950729111","https://openalex.org/W2950762699","https://openalex.org/W2950960796","https://openalex.org/W2951359136","https://openalex.org/W2951434086","https://openalex.org/W2951534261","https://openalex.org/W2952267213","https://openalex.org/W2952484617","https://openalex.org/W2952816296","https://openalex.org/W2953010614","https://openalex.org/W2955375559","https://openalex.org/W2961394393","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962946486","https://openalex.org/W2962985038","https://openalex.org/W2962997783","https://openalex.org/W2963265099","https://openalex.org/W2963339397","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963469388","https://openalex.org/W2963967365","https://openalex.org/W2964086597","https://openalex.org/W2964316982","https://openalex.org/W2964324019","https://openalex.org/W2966799427","https://openalex.org/W2969574947","https://openalex.org/W2970423380","https://openalex.org/W2970597249","https://openalex.org/W2972801466","https://openalex.org/W2973123473","https://openalex.org/W2981852735","https://openalex.org/W2982096936","https://openalex.org/W2982596739","https://openalex.org/W2982902390","https://openalex.org/W2984806015","https://openalex.org/W2987249037","https://openalex.org/W2995758797","https://openalex.org/W2996064239","https://openalex.org/W2998702515","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3004047605","https://openalex.org/W3004654429","https://openalex.org/W3005296017","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3005948621","https://openalex.org/W3007257988","https://openalex.org/W3007672467","https://openalex.org/W3015883388","https://openalex.org/W3019512203","https://openalex.org/W3021244424","https://openalex.org/W3021282678","https://openalex.org/W3021397474","https://openalex.org/W3021779606","https://openalex.org/W3022373106","https://openalex.org/W3023045848","https://openalex.org/W3023238803","https://openalex.org/W3034303554","https://openalex.org/W3034506277","https://openalex.org/W3034612156","https://openalex.org/W3034744902","https://openalex.org/W3034868781","https://openalex.org/W3034912391","https://openalex.org/W3034969702","https://openalex.org/W3035099133","https://openalex.org/W3035357591","https://openalex.org/W3035408713","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3036310232","https://openalex.org/W3036320503","https://openalex.org/W3036816691","https://openalex.org/W3037128914","https://openalex.org/W3038572442","https://openalex.org/W3044812140","https://openalex.org/W3080456792","https://openalex.org/W3082274269","https://openalex.org/W3086232317","https://openalex.org/W3087273879","https://openalex.org/W3088652013","https://openalex.org/W3089973398","https://openalex.org/W3090721331","https://openalex.org/W3091406553","https://openalex.org/W3092683697","https://openalex.org/W3092952717","https://openalex.org/W3093955333","https://openalex.org/W3098468692","https://openalex.org/W3099384026","https://openalex.org/W3099700870","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3101227480","https://openalex.org/W3102363610","https://openalex.org/W3103152812","https://openalex.org/W3103250468","https://openalex.org/W3103801215","https://openalex.org/W3104486441","https://openalex.org/W3105817677","https://openalex.org/W3115195983","https://openalex.org/W3118668786","https://openalex.org/W3128581554","https://openalex.org/W3130740619","https://openalex.org/W3134665270","https://openalex.org/W3143596294","https://openalex.org/W3153055969","https://openalex.org/W3153080312","https://openalex.org/W3154180753","https://openalex.org/W3154280800","https://openalex.org/W3154755316","https://openalex.org/W3155895380","https://openalex.org/W3156830884","https://openalex.org/W3157758108","https://openalex.org/W3159838520","https://openalex.org/W3161845028","https://openalex.org/W3162036289","https://openalex.org/W3168875417","https://openalex.org/W3172119680","https://openalex.org/W3173588320","https://openalex.org/W3175111331","https://openalex.org/W3175349176","https://openalex.org/W3176182290","https://openalex.org/W3197919345","https://openalex.org/W4206765718","https://openalex.org/W4206827264","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4230511558","https://openalex.org/W4231510805","https://openalex.org/W4233574973","https://openalex.org/W4236329806","https://openalex.org/W4245107743","https://openalex.org/W4246858749","https://openalex.org/W4250909839","https://openalex.org/W4251496730","https://openalex.org/W4251572646","https://openalex.org/W4252076394","https://openalex.org/W4252222626","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4287201232","https://openalex.org/W4287647122","https://openalex.org/W4287711528","https://openalex.org/W4287754976","https://openalex.org/W4287780085","https://openalex.org/W4287812603","https://openalex.org/W4287816019","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4288279338","https://openalex.org/W4288284010","https://openalex.org/W4290960530","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4294329082","https://openalex.org/W4297745984","https://openalex.org/W4297808394","https://openalex.org/W4299585995","https://openalex.org/W4300427681","https://openalex.org/W4300874613","https://openalex.org/W4301262870","https://openalex.org/W4301633306","https://openalex.org/W4301645172","https://openalex.org/W4302313152","https://openalex.org/W4302617179","https://openalex.org/W4312943126","https://openalex.org/W6677351378","https://openalex.org/W6684151790","https://openalex.org/W6692899594","https://openalex.org/W6734897383","https://openalex.org/W6736995961","https://openalex.org/W6756140488","https://openalex.org/W6758015726","https://openalex.org/W6761452495","https://openalex.org/W6769185743","https://openalex.org/W6775204245","https://openalex.org/W6793973388","https://openalex.org/W6844194202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-stage":[0],"ranking":[1],"pipelines":[2],"have":[3,99],"been":[4,49,79],"a":[5,19,80,149],"practical":[6],"solution":[7],"in":[8],"modern":[9],"search":[10],"systems,":[11],"where":[12],"the":[13,41,44,60,73,88,108,117,140,144,154,182],"first-stage":[14,45,89,109,145],"retrieval":[15,46,90,111,146,159,163,168],"is":[16,116],"to":[17,28,83,120,152],"return":[18],"subset":[20],"of":[21,104,143,184],"candidate":[22],"documents":[23,71],"and":[24,128,165,176],"latter":[25],"stages":[26,34,68],"attempt":[27],"re-rank":[29],"those":[30],"candidates.":[31],"Unlike":[32],"re-ranking":[33,67],"going":[35],"through":[36],"quick":[37],"technique":[38],"shifts":[39],"over":[40],"past":[42],"decades,":[43],"has":[47,78],"long":[48],"dominated":[50],"by":[51],"classical":[52,157],"term-based":[53,158],"models.":[54,112],"Unfortunately,":[55],"these":[56,189],"models":[57,86,147],"suffer":[58],"from":[59,69,125],"vocabulary":[61],"mismatch":[62],"problem,":[63],"which":[64],"may":[65],"block":[66],"relevant":[70],"at":[72],"very":[74],"beginning.":[75],"Therefore,":[76],"it":[77,115],"long-term":[81],"desire":[82],"build":[84],"semantic":[85,110,162,167],"for":[87,132],"that":[91],"can":[92],"achieve":[93],"high":[94],"recall":[95],"efficiently.":[96],"Recently,":[97],"we":[98,138,171],"witnessed":[100],"an":[101],"explosive":[102],"growth":[103],"research":[105,187],"interests":[106],"on":[107,188],"We":[113],"believe":[114],"right":[118],"time":[119],"survey":[121],"current":[122,141],"status,":[123],"learn":[124],"existing":[126],"methods,":[127,160,164],"gain":[129],"some":[130,173,178],"insights":[131],"future":[133,179],"development.":[134],"In":[135],"this":[136],"article,":[137],"describe":[139],"landscape":[142],"under":[148],"unified":[150],"framework":[151],"clarify":[153],"connection":[155],"between":[156],"early":[161],"neural":[166],"methods.":[169],"Moreover,":[170],"identify":[172],"open":[174],"challenges":[175],"envision":[177],"directions,":[180],"with":[181],"hope":[183],"inspiring":[185],"more":[186],"important":[190],"yet":[191],"less":[192],"investigated":[193],"topics.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
