{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3123793459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3488016","title":"They See Me Rollin\u2019: Inherent Vulnerability of the Rolling Shutter in CMOS Image Sensors","display_name":"They See Me Rollin\u2019: Inherent Vulnerability of the Rolling Shutter in CMOS Image Sensors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3123793459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3488016","mag":"3123793459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485832.3488016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3488016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":"1063-9527","issn":["1063-9527","2576-9103"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.10011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047602412","display_name":"Sebastian K\u00f6hler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian K\u00f6hler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005705199","display_name":"Giulio Lovisotto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-4443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Lovisotto","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002067430","display_name":"Simon Birnbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2275-7026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Birnbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101669063","display_name":"Richard Baker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-1053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Baker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033928805","display_name":"Ivan Martinovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Martinovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, United Kingdom","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32692192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"399","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rolling-shutter","display_name":"Rolling shutter","score":0.928048849105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.724975049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shutter","display_name":"Shutter","score":0.6232062578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5540866255760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5265935659408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5081734657287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5061473250389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.4898051917552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.45677605271339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4555959701538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4393867254257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38913023471832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3835955262184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19159740209579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1728644073009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.11650693416595459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776166537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164193","display_name":"Rolling shutter","level":3,"score":0.928048849105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.724975049495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776871301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691823","display_name":"Shutter","level":2,"score":0.6232062578201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5540866255760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5265935659408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5081734657287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5061473250389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.4898051917552948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.45677605271339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4555959701538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4393867254257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38913023471832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3835955262184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19159740209579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1728644073009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.11650693416595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485832.3488016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3488016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":"1063-9527","issn":["1063-9527","2576-9103"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3123793459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.10011.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2101.10011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2101.10011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3123793459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.10011.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W640396318","https://openalex.org/W1517606245","https://openalex.org/W1579904204","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1993558802","https://openalex.org/W2142996775","https://openalex.org/W2153263297","https://openalex.org/W2159301373","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2407521645","https://openalex.org/W2418653599","https://openalex.org/W2477690816","https://openalex.org/W2497078867","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2725499676","https://openalex.org/W2740323046","https://openalex.org/W2751902866","https://openalex.org/W2789352577","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2889144763","https://openalex.org/W2913715209","https://openalex.org/W2936899590","https://openalex.org/W2945744610","https://openalex.org/W2952661572","https://openalex.org/W2962867954","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963366334","https://openalex.org/W2964175514","https://openalex.org/W2973021304","https://openalex.org/W2975134789","https://openalex.org/W3003140480","https://openalex.org/W3013577831","https://openalex.org/W3034175346","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3048723201","https://openalex.org/W3048968121","https://openalex.org/W3086120435","https://openalex.org/W3092419617","https://openalex.org/W3098881644","https://openalex.org/W3100555097","https://openalex.org/W3100650361","https://openalex.org/W3105806188","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3154256567","https://openalex.org/W3158085757","https://openalex.org/W3175451538","https://openalex.org/W4239432146","https://openalex.org/W4247980644","https://openalex.org/W4288086180","https://openalex.org/W4300824008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195028474","https://openalex.org/W3096809669","https://openalex.org/W2009613904","https://openalex.org/W3202539215","https://openalex.org/W2898766629","https://openalex.org/W3184441096","https://openalex.org/W3159202876","https://openalex.org/W3109273745","https://openalex.org/W3167641344","https://openalex.org/W2626180224","https://openalex.org/W3176477939","https://openalex.org/W2150097065","https://openalex.org/W2889045127","https://openalex.org/W2886061540","https://openalex.org/W1997441522","https://openalex.org/W2999401118","https://openalex.org/W2981926850","https://openalex.org/W3162549026","https://openalex.org/W2042920419","https://openalex.org/W3080825594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,182],"describe":[4],"how":[5],"the":[6,35,52,56,62,81,85,91,115,118,123,156,159,178,191,214],"electronic":[7],"rolling":[8,57,67,200,208],"shutter":[9,58,68,201,209],"in":[10,70,161],"CMOS":[11,40],"image":[12,31,172],"sensors":[13],"can":[14,120,137,175,211],"be":[15],"exploited":[16],"using":[17,112],"a":[18,66,164,184],"bright,":[19],"modulated":[20],"light":[21],"source":[22],"(e.g.,":[23],"an":[24,71,77,135,195],"inexpensive,":[25],"off-the-shelf":[26],"laser),":[27],"to":[28,46,50,140,163,190,198],"inject":[29],"fine-grained":[30],"disruptions.":[32],"We":[33,60,74,96,132,153],"demonstrate":[34],"attack":[36,69,94,130,151,160,179],"on":[37,84,104],"seven":[38],"different":[39],"cameras,":[41,49,107],"ranging":[42],"from":[43,114],"cheap":[44],"IoT":[45],"semi-professional":[47],"surveillance":[48],"highlight":[51],"wide":[53],"applicability":[54],"of":[55,80,87,93,142,158,194,218],"attack.":[59],"model":[61,99],"fundamental":[63],"factors":[64],"affecting":[65],"uncontrolled":[72],"setting.":[73],"then":[75],"perform":[76],"exhaustive":[78],"evaluation":[79],"attack\u2019s":[82],"effect":[83,92],"task":[86],"object":[88,196],"detection,":[89],"investigating":[90],"parameters.":[95,152],"validate":[97],"our":[98,204],"against":[100],"empirical":[101],"data":[102],"collected":[103],"two":[105],"separate":[106],"showing":[108,169],"that":[109,134,170,207],"by":[110,145,148],"simply":[111],"information":[113],"camera\u2019s":[116],"datasheet":[117],"adversary":[119,136],"accurately":[121],"predict":[122],"injected":[124],"distortion":[125,173],"size":[126],"and":[127,187,216],"optimize":[128],"their":[129],"accordingly.":[131],"find":[133],"hide":[138],"up":[139],"75%":[141],"objects":[143],"perceived":[144],"state-of-the-art":[146],"detectors":[147],"selecting":[149],"appropriate":[150],"also":[154],"investigate":[155],"stealthiness":[157],"comparison":[162],"na\u00efve":[165],"camera":[166],"blinding":[167],"attack,":[168],"common":[171],"metrics":[174],"not":[176],"detect":[177],"presence.":[180],"Therefore,":[181],"present":[183],"new,":[185],"accurate":[186],"lightweight":[188],"enhancement":[189],"backbone":[192],"network":[193],"detector":[197],"recognize":[199],"attacks.":[202],"Overall,":[203],"results":[205],"indicate":[206],"attacks":[210],"substantially":[212],"reduce":[213],"performance":[215],"reliability":[217],"vision-based":[219],"intelligent":[220],"systems.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
