{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200421685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485903","title":"Keeping Safe Rust Safe with Galeed","display_name":"Keeping Safe Rust Safe with Galeed","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200421685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485832.3485903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485903","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485832.3485903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485832.3485903","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013379192","display_name":"Elijah Rivera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-0171"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elijah Rivera","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053483682","display_name":"Samuel Mergendahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8333-4484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Mergendahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046588386","display_name":"Howard Shrobe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-4606"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Howard Shrobe","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033661137","display_name":"Hamed Okhravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1450-3744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Okhravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061277591","display_name":"Nathan Burow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3531-2261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Burow","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7903,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92578558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"824","last_page":"836"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rust","display_name":"Rust (programming language)","score":0.922081470489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-safety","display_name":"Memory safety","score":0.890645444393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.708789050579071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5144291520118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.46935921907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4687606990337372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","score":0.46809911727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.42426103353500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-programming","display_name":"System programming","score":0.4102550446987152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.39793795347213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.23940995335578918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.19213464856147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.06893736124038696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197781089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575650","display_name":"Rust (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.922081470489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28180684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4080983","display_name":"Memory safety","level":3,"score":0.890645444393158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.708789050579071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5144291520118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.46935921907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4687606990337372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150202949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107602","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","level":2,"score":0.46809911727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.42426103353500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69941290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936256","display_name":"System programming","level":4,"score":0.4102550446987152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.39793795347213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.23940995335578918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.19213464856147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.06893736124038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485832.3485903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485903","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485832.3485903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/146129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/146129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM|Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485832.3485903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485903","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485832.3485903","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200421685.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200421685.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591211019","https://openalex.org/W1984766364","https://openalex.org/W1990421520","https://openalex.org/W2018688088","https://openalex.org/W2035991175","https://openalex.org/W2062340141","https://openalex.org/W2072102701","https://openalex.org/W2079029390","https://openalex.org/W2081105932","https://openalex.org/W2122757982","https://openalex.org/W2141365240","https://openalex.org/W2155810272","https://openalex.org/W2155851497","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2258876169","https://openalex.org/W2301548261","https://openalex.org/W2610782608","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2765284675","https://openalex.org/W2898326323","https://openalex.org/W2900188961","https://openalex.org/W2901383276","https://openalex.org/W2943698992","https://openalex.org/W2947243817","https://openalex.org/W2972949355","https://openalex.org/W2999586930","https://openalex.org/W3137266663","https://openalex.org/W3191817707","https://openalex.org/W4238851087","https://openalex.org/W4241006348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010592047","https://openalex.org/W4386534318","https://openalex.org/W2141365240","https://openalex.org/W4387725002","https://openalex.org/W2954966352","https://openalex.org/W4200421685","https://openalex.org/W4241006348","https://openalex.org/W4387647328","https://openalex.org/W2756350061","https://openalex.org/W4200371568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rust":[0,15,17,38,80,125,129],"is":[1,26,62,87,94,131],"a":[2,63,110,114],"programming":[3,49],"language":[4],"that":[5,19,56,91],"simultaneously":[6],"offers":[7],"high":[8],"performance":[9],"and":[10,28,75,120],"strong":[11],"security":[12],"guarantees.":[13],"Safe":[14],"(i.e.,":[16],"code":[18,45,93,130],"does":[20],"not":[21,95],"use":[22],"the":[23,103,128],"unsafe":[24,41,92,97],"keyword)":[25],"memory":[27,122],"type":[29],"safe.":[30,133],"However,":[31],"these":[32],"guarantees":[33,105],"are":[34,57,82],"violated":[35],"when":[36,127],"safe":[37],"interacts":[39],"with":[40],"code,":[42],"most":[43],"notably":[44],"written":[46],"in":[47,52,113],"other":[48],"languages,":[50],"including":[51],"legacy":[53],"C/C++":[54,116],"applications":[55,68],"incrementally":[58],"deploying":[59],"Rust.":[60],"This":[61],"significant":[64],"problem":[65],"as":[66,70],"major":[67],"such":[69],"Firefox,":[71],"Chrome,":[72],"AWS,":[73],"Windows,":[74],"Linux":[76],"have":[77],"either":[78],"deployed":[79],"or":[81],"exploring":[83],"doing":[84],"so.":[85],"It":[86],"important":[88],"to":[89,124],"emphasize":[90],"only":[96],"itself,":[98],"but":[99],"also":[100],"it":[101],"breaks":[102],"safety":[104],"of":[106],"\u2018safe\u2019":[107],"Rust;":[108],"e.g.,":[109],"dangling":[111],"pointer":[112],"linked":[115],"library":[117],"can":[118],"access":[119],"overwrite":[121],"allocated":[123],"even":[126],"fully":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}