{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200337844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485901","title":"Towards Stalkerware Detection with Precise Warnings","display_name":"Towards Stalkerware Detection with Precise Warnings","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200337844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485832.3485901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":"1063-9527","issn":["1063-9527","2576-9103"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071053999","display_name":"Yufei Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-328X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIDRE, INRIA, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIDRE, INRIA, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052168623","display_name":"Kevin Roundy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-1647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308906816","display_name":"NortonLifeLock (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0449t3a80","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308906816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202709704","display_name":"Norton Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/0266h1q26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Alejandro Roundy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norton Research Group, USA","NortonLifeLock [Tempe, Arizona] (60 E Rio Salado Pkwy STE 1000\r\nTempe, AZ 85281 - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norton Research Group, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202709704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NortonLifeLock [Tempe, Arizona] (60 E Rio Salado Pkwy STE 1000\r\nTempe, AZ 85281 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308906816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023825669","display_name":"Acar Tamersoy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308906816","display_name":"NortonLifeLock (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0449t3a80","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308906816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202709704","display_name":"Norton Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/0266h1q26","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202709704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Acar Tamersoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norton Research Group, USA","NortonLifeLock [Tempe, Arizona] (60 E Rio Salado Pkwy STE 1000\r\nTempe, AZ 85281 - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norton Research Group, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202709704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NortonLifeLock [Tempe, Arizona] (60 E Rio Salado Pkwy STE 1000\r\nTempe, AZ 85281 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308906816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76260185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"957","last_page":"969"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7648167610168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.6908004879951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5186971426010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5093742609024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.5065394639968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37905511260032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37783586978912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37044578790664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1243884265422821}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7648167610168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.6908004879951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5186971426010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5093742609024048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5065394639968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37905511260032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37783586978912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37044578790664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1243884265422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485832.3485901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485832.3485901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306417673","display_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","issn_l":"1063-9527","issn":["1063-9527","2576-9103"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03449857v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03449857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACSAC 2021 - Proceedings of Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, Dec 2021, Online, United States. pp.1-13, ⟨10.1145/3485832.3485901⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55768394","https://openalex.org/W1501049730","https://openalex.org/W1546958096","https://openalex.org/W1592096085","https://openalex.org/W1891591905","https://openalex.org/W1966256426","https://openalex.org/W1979974203","https://openalex.org/W2010005543","https://openalex.org/W2019899889","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2056553145","https://openalex.org/W2060692877","https://openalex.org/W2072555316","https://openalex.org/W2098691354","https://openalex.org/W2114315281","https://openalex.org/W2124952808","https://openalex.org/W2140335411","https://openalex.org/W2156637418","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2157093800","https://openalex.org/W2169863116","https://openalex.org/W2548475155","https://openalex.org/W2584401436","https://openalex.org/W2775336929","https://openalex.org/W2794995912","https://openalex.org/W2795566406","https://openalex.org/W2911428659","https://openalex.org/W2963713975","https://openalex.org/W2985186227","https://openalex.org/W2987678574","https://openalex.org/W3015248122","https://openalex.org/W3030249566","https://openalex.org/W3036769282","https://openalex.org/W3099188965","https://openalex.org/W3125759795","https://openalex.org/W3138262553","https://openalex.org/W3202897411","https://openalex.org/W4210764005","https://openalex.org/W4234163981","https://openalex.org/W4299301436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W57793151","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2717179875","https://openalex.org/W4249118297","https://openalex.org/W4312334973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stalkerware":[0,179],"enables":[1,52],"individuals":[2,69],"to":[3,85,147,177],"conduct":[4],"covert":[5],"surveillance":[6,61,121,159],"on":[7,25,126,140],"a":[8,15,26,49,81,154],"targeted":[9],"person\u2019s":[10],"device.":[11],"Android":[12,64,141],"devices":[13],"are":[14,138],"particularly":[16],"fertile":[17],"ground":[18],"for":[19,150,162],"stalkerware,":[20],"most":[21],"of":[22,33,38,42,60,97,100,113,119,129,134,158,169],"which":[23,91,123],"spy":[24],"single":[27],"communication":[28],"channel,":[29],"sensor,":[30],"or":[31],"category":[32],"private":[34,43],"data,":[35],"though":[36],"27%":[37],"stalkerware":[39,53,65,101,108,135,151,163,171],"surveil":[40],"multiple":[41],"data":[44],"sources.":[45],"We":[46],"present":[47],"Dosmelt,":[48],"system":[50],"that":[51,55,67,107,137,173],"warnings":[54],"precisely":[56],"characterize":[57],"the":[58,105,127,130,178],"types":[59],"conducted":[62],"by":[63],"so":[66],"surveiled":[68],"can":[70],"take":[71],"appropriate":[72],"mitigating":[73],"action.":[74],"Our":[75],"methodology":[76],"uses":[77],"active":[78],"learning":[79,83],"in":[80,115],"semi-supervised":[82],"setting":[84],"tackle":[86],"this":[87],"task":[88],"at":[89],"scale,":[90],"would":[92],"otherwise":[93],"require":[94],"expert":[95],"labeling":[96],"significant":[98],"number":[99],"apps.":[102,164],"Dosmelt":[103,144,165],"leverages":[104],"observation":[106],"differs":[109],"from":[110],"other":[111],"categories":[112],"spyware":[114],"its":[116,120],"open":[117],"advertising":[118],"capabilities,":[122],"we":[124,174],"detect":[125],"basis":[128],"titles":[131],"and":[132],"self-descriptions":[133],"apps":[136,172],"posted":[139],"app":[142],"stores.":[143],"achieves":[145],"up":[146],"96%":[148],"AUC":[149],"detection":[152],"with":[153],"91%":[155],"Macro-F1":[156],"score":[157],"capability":[160],"attribution":[161],"has":[166],"detected":[167],"hundreds":[168],"new":[170],"have":[175],"added":[176],"Threat":[180],"List.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}