{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206858076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485527","title":"Type stability in Julia: avoiding performance pathologies in JIT compilation","display_name":"Type stability in Julia: avoiding performance pathologies in JIT compilation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206858076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485527","mag":"3206858076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485527","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485527","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056623735","display_name":"Artem Pelenitsyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artem Pelenitsyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-8106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075571308","display_name":"Julia Belyakova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7490-8500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Belyakova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7490-8500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008191145","display_name":"Benjamin Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-7334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-7334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001655224","display_name":"Ross Tate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-4605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ross Tate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-4605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084307280","display_name":"Jan V\u00edtek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-3458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Vitek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, USA / Czech Technical University, Czechia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4052-3458","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, USA / Czech Technical University, Czechia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214","https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.492,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89629032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"OOPSLA","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.8194579482078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.756468653678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.655222475528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6165390610694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5621544122695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.500481367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-programming","display_name":"Functional programming","score":0.46372005343437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.435375839471817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4190117120742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3226039409637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14274096488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12216266989707947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.8194579482078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.756468653678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.655222475528717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6165390610694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5621544122695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.500481367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42383842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193076","display_name":"Functional programming","level":2,"score":0.46372005343437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.435375839471817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4190117120742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3226039409637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14274096488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12216266989707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485527","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5500548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5500548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"software"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.5500547","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5500547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.5500548","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5500548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Software"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485527","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485527","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485527","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1455580734","display_name":"ABI Innovation: Scalable and Agile Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Experiments","funder_award_id":"1759736","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1927905662","display_name":"SHF: Small: Foundations of Just-in-Time Compilation","funder_award_id":"1618732","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2128282257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"695412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2760615557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"503353","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3622461675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CZ.02.1.01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4259827425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1759736,1925644,1618732,CCF-1909143,CCF-1908389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4915814635","display_name":"SHF: Small: Collaborative Research: A Rational Reconstruction of the Julia Type System","funder_award_id":"1908389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5123405942","display_name":"CCRI: ENS: Collaborative Research: Enhancing R for Scalability and Deployment","funder_award_id":"1925644","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6492659061","display_name":"Evolving Language Ecosystems","funder_award_id":"695412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6940835081","display_name":"SHF: Small: Collaborative Research: A Rational Reconstruction of the Julia Type System","funder_award_id":"1909143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206858076.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3206858076.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549185825","https://openalex.org/W1637758212","https://openalex.org/W1977845636","https://openalex.org/W1993318777","https://openalex.org/W2001154106","https://openalex.org/W2036830099","https://openalex.org/W2088494048","https://openalex.org/W2091228796","https://openalex.org/W2093334386","https://openalex.org/W2098883184","https://openalex.org/W2120575449","https://openalex.org/W2160756430","https://openalex.org/W2259042472","https://openalex.org/W2767234833","https://openalex.org/W2798370950","https://openalex.org/W2893611774","https://openalex.org/W2898321943","https://openalex.org/W2902895875","https://openalex.org/W3106774398","https://openalex.org/W3107967945","https://openalex.org/W3117382689","https://openalex.org/W3121850185","https://openalex.org/W3123858332","https://openalex.org/W3142323636","https://openalex.org/W3198256857","https://openalex.org/W3206858076","https://openalex.org/W4237352773","https://openalex.org/W4240196928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240253816","https://openalex.org/W3096456556","https://openalex.org/W2169584677","https://openalex.org/W2979513934","https://openalex.org/W4232954277","https://openalex.org/W2020341030","https://openalex.org/W2749133591","https://openalex.org/W2367473450","https://openalex.org/W23346600","https://openalex.org/W3012836300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,26,35,60,69,89],"scientific":[2],"programming":[3],"language,":[4],"Julia":[5,19],"strives":[6],"for":[7],"performance":[8,17],"but":[9],"also":[10,87],"provides":[11,59],"high-level":[12],"productivity":[13],"features.":[14],"To":[15],"avoid":[16],"pathologies,":[18],"users":[20],"are":[21],"expected":[22],"to":[23,25,92],"adhere":[24],"coding":[27],"discipline":[28],"that":[29,76],"enables":[30,78],"so-called":[31],"type":[32,38,42,64,73],"stability.":[33],"Informally,":[34],"function":[36],"is":[37],"stable":[39],"if":[40],"the":[41,44,49,52,83],"of":[43,51,63,72],"output":[45],"depends":[46],"only":[47],"on":[48],"types":[50],"inputs,":[53],"not":[54],"their":[55],"values.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"formal":[61],"definition":[62],"stability":[65],"as":[66,68],"well":[67],"stronger":[70],"property":[71],"groundedness,":[74],"shows":[75],"groundedness":[77],"compiler":[79,84],"optimizations,":[80],"and":[81],"proves":[82],"correct.":[85],"We":[86],"perform":[88],"corpus":[90],"analysis":[91],"uncover":[93],"how":[94],"these":[95],"type-related":[96],"properties":[97],"manifest":[98],"in":[99],"practice.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2021-10-25T00:00:00"}