{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207857196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485505","title":"Compilation of sparse array programming models","display_name":"Compilation of sparse array programming models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207857196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485505","mag":"3207857196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485505","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485505","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021402676","display_name":"Rawn Henry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rawn Henry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039681071","display_name":"Olivia Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olivia Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-8106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047980263","display_name":"Rohan Yadav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohan Yadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112549282","display_name":"Stephen Y. Chou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023857198","display_name":"Kunle Olukotun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8779-0636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunle Olukotun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046791216","display_name":"Saman Amarasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7231-7643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saman Amarasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041886781","display_name":"Fredrik Kj\u00f8lstad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2267-903X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Kjolstad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5739,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95247934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"OOPSLA","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6944065093994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5837475657463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-array","display_name":"Sparse array","score":0.5832905173301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.5666373372077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.5637063384056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.47565385699272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-data-structure","display_name":"Array data structure","score":0.4425990879535675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4296027719974518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-algebra","display_name":"Linear algebra","score":0.42926207184791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34846067428588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3068235218524933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20042484998703003}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6944065093994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5837475657463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145177509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse array","level":2,"score":0.5832905173301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.5666373372077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5637063384056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.47565385699272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146064661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186152","display_name":"Array data structure","level":2,"score":0.4425990879535675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4296027719974518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139352143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82571","display_name":"Linear algebra","level":2,"score":0.42926207184791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34846067428588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3068235218524933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20042484998703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485505","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/142731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/142731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485505","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485505","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1279283373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-20-9-0017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2040692823","display_name":"SHF: Medium: Collaborative Research: From Volume to Velocity: Big Data Analytics in Near-Realtime","funder_award_id":"1563078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G364314110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-18-3-0007,HR0011-20-9-0017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G433856850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011- 18-3-0007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7568964499","display_name":"RTML: Large: Continuous Adaptation for Decision Streams","funder_award_id":"1937301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7570011515","display_name":"COMPUTING THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER WITH LEADERSHIP COMPUTING RESOURCES","funder_award_id":"DESC0018121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7734824629","display_name":"SHF: Medium: PRISM: Platform for Rapid Investigation of efficient Scientific-computing & Machine-learning","funder_award_id":"1563113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8073515163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-SC0008923","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","funder_display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8221624602","display_name":"PPoSS: Planning: Eliminating the Bottlenecks to ML Usability and Scalability","funder_award_id":"2028602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8984543713","display_name":"CAP3:  A COMPUTER AIDED PERFORMANCE PROGRAMMING PLATFORM","funder_award_id":"DESC0008923","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316785","display_name":"VMware","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330001","display_name":"Ant Financial Services Group","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0012c7r22"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207857196.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207857196.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26556108","https://openalex.org/W1512713669","https://openalex.org/W1538707437","https://openalex.org/W1978979183","https://openalex.org/W2035080386","https://openalex.org/W2048487758","https://openalex.org/W2049487370","https://openalex.org/W2082533328","https://openalex.org/W2108138101","https://openalex.org/W2112941339","https://openalex.org/W2132087433","https://openalex.org/W2158946218","https://openalex.org/W2164890169","https://openalex.org/W2461193710","https://openalex.org/W2590246587","https://openalex.org/W2886697344","https://openalex.org/W2898123186","https://openalex.org/W2921973771","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2977371611","https://openalex.org/W2995872593","https://openalex.org/W2999521721","https://openalex.org/W3098389819","https://openalex.org/W3098650335","https://openalex.org/W3099706321","https://openalex.org/W3108012228","https://openalex.org/W3121402054","https://openalex.org/W4255450819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307114811","https://openalex.org/W4286587386","https://openalex.org/W2091883426","https://openalex.org/W2174948646","https://openalex.org/W3173235360","https://openalex.org/W2024017047","https://openalex.org/W4318256793","https://openalex.org/W1835670156","https://openalex.org/W2805908420","https://openalex.org/W2051410394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"shows":[2,155],"how":[3,118,135],"to":[4,81,86,136,141,169,197,237],"compile":[5,137],"sparse":[6,11,33,49,77,87,103,150,160,188,215],"array":[7,12,17,151,161,189,216],"programming":[8,13,18],"languages.":[9],"A":[10],"language":[14,19,41],"is":[15],"an":[16],"that":[20,156,207,238],"supports":[21],"element-wise":[22],"application,":[23],"reduction,":[24],"and":[25,32,46,50,53,60,63,93,108,178,181,199,205,234],"broadcasting":[26],"of":[27,90,102,129,167,208,231,239],"arbitrary":[28],"functions":[29,56,123,177],"over":[30,57],"dense":[31,51,210],"arrays":[34],"with":[35,125,146,164,228],"any":[36,83],"fill":[37,127],"value.":[38],"Such":[39],"a":[40,165,209,229],"has":[42],"great":[43],"expressive":[44],"power":[45],"can":[47],"express":[48],"linear":[52,222],"tensor":[54,78],"algebra,":[55],"images,":[58],"exclusion":[59],"inclusion":[61],"filters,":[62],"even":[64],"graph":[65,221],"algorithms.":[66],"Our":[67,191],"compiler":[68],"strategy":[69],"generalizes":[70],"prior":[71],"work":[72],"in":[73,225],"the":[74,100,126,130,240],"literature":[75],"on":[76,213],"algebra":[79,223],"compilation":[80],"support":[82],"function":[84],"applied":[85],"arrays,":[88],"instead":[89],"only":[91],"addition":[92],"multiplication.":[94],"To":[95],"achieve":[96],"this,":[97],"we":[98,157],"generalize":[99],"notion":[101],"iteration":[104,111,139],"spaces":[105,112,140],"beyond":[106],"intersections":[107],"unions.":[109],"These":[110],"are":[113],"automatically":[114],"derived":[115],"by":[116,195],"considering":[117],"algebraic":[119],"properties":[120],"annotated":[121],"onto":[122],"interact":[124],"values":[128],"arrays.":[131],"We":[132,218],"then":[133],"show":[134],"these":[138],"efficient":[142],"code.":[143],"When":[144],"compared":[145,236],"two":[147],"widely-used":[148],"Python":[149],"packages,":[152],"our":[153,226],"evaluation":[154],"generate":[158],"built-in":[159],"library":[162],"features":[163],"performance":[166,230],"1.4\u00d7":[168],"53.7\u00d7":[170],"when":[171,183],"measured":[172,184],"against":[173,185],"PyData/Sparse":[174,194],"for":[175,187],"user-defined":[176],"between":[179,203,232],"0.98\u00d7":[180],"5.53\u00d7":[182],"SciPy/Sparse":[186],"slicing.":[190],"technique":[192],"outperforms":[193],"6.58\u00d7":[196],"70.3\u00d7,":[198],"(where":[200],"applicable)":[201],"performs":[202],"0.96\u00d7":[204],"28.9\u00d7":[206],"NumPy":[211],"implementation,":[212],"end-to-end":[214],"applications.":[217],"also":[219],"implement":[220],"kernels":[224],"system":[227],"0.56\u00d7":[233],"3.50\u00d7":[235],"hand-optimized":[241],"SuiteSparse:GraphBLAS":[242],"library.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}