{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195156963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485496","title":"Rewrite rule inference using equality saturation","display_name":"Rewrite rule inference using equality saturation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195156963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485496","mag":"3195156963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485496","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485496","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485496","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066993902","display_name":"Chandrakana Nandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8633-8413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chandrakana Nandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048760480","display_name":"Max Willsey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-4218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Willsey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027136790","display_name":"Amy Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-7090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042994585","display_name":"Yisu Remy Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yisu Remy Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000095412","display_name":"Brett Saiki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3482-5767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett Saiki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000881736","display_name":"Adam Anderson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043809595","display_name":"Adriana Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2464-0876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriana Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103045316","display_name":"Dan Grossman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Grossman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042187082","display_name":"Zachary Tatlock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-0124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Tatlock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, USA","University of Washington , USA "],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington , USA ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066993902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11675187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"OOPSLA","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.7779631018638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ruler","display_name":"Ruler","score":0.7013979554176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5944238901138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5841750502586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.5383196473121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4787563681602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4371912479400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4310377538204193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38358718156814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.187936931848526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.7779631018638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165743212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104555","display_name":"Ruler","level":2,"score":0.7013979554176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5944238901138306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5841750502586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.5383196473121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4787563681602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4371912479400635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4310377538204193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38358718156814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.187936931848526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485496","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485496","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.10436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.10436","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.10436","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3195156963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.10436.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.10436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2108.10436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3485496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3485496","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3485496","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216081","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","issn_l":"2475-1421","issn":["2475-1421"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2575463570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1813166, 1749570","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195156963.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195156963.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25685792","https://openalex.org/W84930537","https://openalex.org/W123460044","https://openalex.org/W350508092","https://openalex.org/W598205067","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1481537516","https://openalex.org/W1504007491","https://openalex.org/W1508641834","https://openalex.org/W1517760837","https://openalex.org/W1531694433","https://openalex.org/W1535497513","https://openalex.org/W1553352239","https://openalex.org/W1557619244","https://openalex.org/W1583295953","https://openalex.org/W1683919907","https://openalex.org/W1806382567","https://openalex.org/W1968386045","https://openalex.org/W1986022261","https://openalex.org/W1992244261","https://openalex.org/W1996892501","https://openalex.org/W2008913431","https://openalex.org/W2014136929","https://openalex.org/W2035652450","https://openalex.org/W2055312318","https://openalex.org/W2055477538","https://openalex.org/W2061091230","https://openalex.org/W2067776455","https://openalex.org/W2086747974","https://openalex.org/W2088056808","https://openalex.org/W2106192381","https://openalex.org/W2108969240","https://openalex.org/W2114012357","https://openalex.org/W2121344286","https://openalex.org/W2121757274","https://openalex.org/W2130175237","https://openalex.org/W2140021378","https://openalex.org/W2149241959","https://openalex.org/W2150871888","https://openalex.org/W2152397470","https://openalex.org/W2160145830","https://openalex.org/W2234299051","https://openalex.org/W2276356546","https://openalex.org/W2294815028","https://openalex.org/W2340812064","https://openalex.org/W2515768547","https://openalex.org/W2532625469","https://openalex.org/W2627018084","https://openalex.org/W2792271488","https://openalex.org/W2804032941","https://openalex.org/W2953973768","https://openalex.org/W2963310240","https://openalex.org/W2981758446","https://openalex.org/W2991552299","https://openalex.org/W3006102157","https://openalex.org/W3014415287","https://openalex.org/W3015790292","https://openalex.org/W3033748891","https://openalex.org/W3082570516","https://openalex.org/W3099525000","https://openalex.org/W3110583370","https://openalex.org/W3117137355","https://openalex.org/W3122286897","https://openalex.org/W3124136127","https://openalex.org/W3139406790","https://openalex.org/W3153044352","https://openalex.org/W3164004581","https://openalex.org/W3185574054","https://openalex.org/W4230919050","https://openalex.org/W4233013357","https://openalex.org/W4234315090","https://openalex.org/W4235668804","https://openalex.org/W4242955624","https://openalex.org/W4243435342","https://openalex.org/W4250846042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207460439","https://openalex.org/W2107823752","https://openalex.org/W2139877368","https://openalex.org/W1804417282","https://openalex.org/W145901300","https://openalex.org/W1532143586","https://openalex.org/W2399280854","https://openalex.org/W83721452","https://openalex.org/W1551287637","https://openalex.org/W2293879310","https://openalex.org/W955442534","https://openalex.org/W1547856836","https://openalex.org/W266212533","https://openalex.org/W2903041653","https://openalex.org/W1600322695","https://openalex.org/W2768114171","https://openalex.org/W2750452981","https://openalex.org/W126197933","https://openalex.org/W2061679993","https://openalex.org/W2163468719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"compilers,":[1],"synthesizers,":[2],"and":[3,33,58,96,166],"theorem":[4],"provers":[5],"rely":[6],"on":[7,133,144],"rewrite":[8,17,75,83,98],"rules":[9,18,22,28,53,155],"to":[10,31,50,73,81,110,128],"simplify":[11],"expressions":[12],"or":[13,38],"prove":[14],"equivalences.":[15],"Developing":[16],"can":[19,46,77,86],"be":[20,24,36,48,79],"difficult:":[21],"may":[23],"subtly":[25],"incorrect,":[26],"profitable":[27],"are":[29,42],"easy":[30],"miss,":[32],"rulesets":[34,45,139],"must":[35],"rechecked":[37],"extended":[39],"whenever":[40],"semantics":[41],"tweaked.":[43],"Large":[44],"also":[47,78],"challenging":[49],"apply:":[51],"redundant":[52],"slow":[54],"down":[55],"rule-based":[56],"search":[57],"frustrate":[59],"debugging.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"explores":[63],"how":[64],"equality":[65,103],"saturation,":[66],"a":[67,123,129,168,172],"promising":[68],"technique":[69],"that":[70,102],"uses":[71],"e-graphs":[72],"apply":[74],"rules,":[76],"used":[80],"infer":[82],"rules.":[84,99],"E-graphs":[85],"compactly":[87],"represent":[88],"the":[89],"exponentially":[90],"large":[91],"sets":[92],"of":[93,113],"enumerated":[94],"terms":[95],"potential":[97],"We":[100,118],"show":[101,153],"saturation":[104],"efficiently":[105],"shrinks":[106],"both":[107],"sets,":[108],"leading":[109],"faster":[111,141],"synthesis":[112],"smaller,":[114],"more":[115],"general":[116],"rulesets.":[117],"prototyped":[119],"these":[120],"strategies":[121],"in":[122,171],"tool":[124,131],"dubbed":[125],"Ruler.":[126],"Compared":[127],"similar":[130],"built":[132],"CVC4,":[134],"Ruler":[135],"synthesizes":[136],"5.8\u00d7":[137],"smaller":[138],"25\u00d7":[140],"without":[142],"compromising":[143],"proving":[145],"power.":[146],"In":[147],"an":[148],"end-to-end":[149],"case":[150],"study,":[151],"we":[152],"Ruler-synthesized":[154],"which":[156],"perform":[157],"as":[158,160],"well":[159],"those":[161],"crafted":[162],"by":[163],"domain":[164],"experts,":[165],"addressed":[167],"longstanding":[169],"issue":[170],"popular":[173],"open":[174],"source":[175],"tool.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
