{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3038558128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3480935","title":"<scp>Ginkgo</scp>: A Modern Linear Operator Algebra Framework for High Performance Computing","display_name":"<scp>Ginkgo</scp>: A Modern Linear Operator Algebra Framework for High Performance Computing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3038558128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3480935","mag":"3038558128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3480935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3480935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163326656","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software","issn_l":"0098-3500","issn":["0098-3500","1557-7295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/193546","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012133869","display_name":"Hartwig Anzt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-952X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hartwig Anzt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany and Innovative Computing Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-952X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany and Innovative Computing Laboratory, University of Tennessee, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043131627","display_name":"Terry Cojean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-921X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Cojean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-921X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017361033","display_name":"Goran Flegar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4154-0420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goran Flegar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Jaime I, Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Jaime I, Castell\u00f3n de la Plana, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077316141","display_name":"Fritz G\u00f6bel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fritz G\u00f6bel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103081244","display_name":"Thomas Gr\u00fctzmacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9346-2981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Gr\u00fctzmacher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059984998","display_name":"Pratik Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7961-1159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratik Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057491589","display_name":"Tobias Ribizel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3023-1849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Ribizel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037751512","display_name":"Yu\u2010Hsiang Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-3739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhsiang Mike Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012806004","display_name":"Enrique S. Quintana\u2013Ort\u0301\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-165X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique S. Quintana-Ort\u00ed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.1285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98420054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10792","display_name":"Matrix Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10792","display_name":"Matrix Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-algebra","display_name":"Linear algebra","score":0.710914134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6887056231498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.4989962577819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.49277427792549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.47832322120666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.47777116298675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursion","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","score":0.44001027941703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ginkgo","display_name":"Ginkgo","score":0.4388082027435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4338172674179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3220406770706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15026986598968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.1312277615070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10648852586746216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139352143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82571","display_name":"Linear algebra","level":2,"score":0.710914134979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6887056231498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.4989962577819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.49277427792549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.47832322120666504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.47777116298675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264164","display_name":"Recursion (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44001027941703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779706397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149461","display_name":"Ginkgo","level":2,"score":0.4388082027435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4338172674179077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3220406770706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15026986598968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.1312277615070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10648852586746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3480935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3480935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163326656","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software","issn_l":"0098-3500","issn":["0098-3500","1557-7295"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/193546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/193546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401500","display_name":"RiuNet (Politechnical University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/193546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/193546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401500","display_name":"RiuNet (Politechnical University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2366088775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17-SC-20-SC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","funder_display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3232922872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17-SC-20-SC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5339339394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"732631","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6859237865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17-SC-20-SC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8253304997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17-SC-20-SC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","funder_display_name":"Office of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338287","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506342804","https://openalex.org/W1988425770","https://openalex.org/W2114327031","https://openalex.org/W2252346314","https://openalex.org/W2406344247","https://openalex.org/W2528745529","https://openalex.org/W2767066575","https://openalex.org/W2781998146","https://openalex.org/W2786704328","https://openalex.org/W2883011321","https://openalex.org/W2916303624","https://openalex.org/W2945610286","https://openalex.org/W2949001633","https://openalex.org/W3035047393","https://openalex.org/W3040786754","https://openalex.org/W3072278985","https://openalex.org/W3082585430","https://openalex.org/W3139401450","https://openalex.org/W3162774007","https://openalex.org/W4229666556","https://openalex.org/W4242248730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370206888","https://openalex.org/W2032992825","https://openalex.org/W2783902031","https://openalex.org/W2387390151","https://openalex.org/W2380762254","https://openalex.org/W2360448123","https://openalex.org/W2359585091","https://openalex.org/W2353781814","https://openalex.org/W2390536021","https://openalex.org/W2002038212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,72,87],"article,":[2],"we":[3,130],"present":[4],"Ginkgo":[5,28,47,109,136],",":[6],"a":[7,42,132],"modern":[8],"C++":[9],"math":[10],"library":[11,70],"for":[12,59],"scientific":[13],"high":[14,60,138],"performance":[15,61,139],"computing.":[16],"While":[17],"classical":[18],"linear":[19,56],"algebra":[20,45,57],"libraries":[21],"act":[22],"on":[23,101,115,140],"matrix":[24],"and":[25,82,98,103,124],"vector":[26],"objects,":[27],"\u2019s":[29,48,110,137],"design":[30],"principle":[31],"abstracts":[32],"all":[33],"functionality":[34,58,120],"as":[35],"\u201clinear":[36,43],"operators,\u201d":[37],"motivating":[38],"the":[39,69,122],"notation":[40],"of":[41,135],"operator":[44],"library.\u201d":[46],"current":[49],"focus":[50,73],"is":[51],"oriented":[52],"toward":[53],"providing":[54,113],"sparse":[55],"graphics":[62],"processing":[63],"unit":[64],"(GPU)":[65],"architectures,":[66],"but":[67],"given":[68],"design,":[71],"can":[74],"be":[75],"easily":[76],"extended":[77],"to":[78,117],"accommodate":[79],"other":[80],"algorithms":[81,94],"hardware":[83],"architectures.":[84,143],"We":[85,106],"introduce":[86],"sophisticated":[88],"software":[89],"architecture":[90],"that":[91],"separates":[92],"core":[93],"from":[95],"architecture-specific":[96],"backends":[97],"provide":[99],"details":[100],"extensibility":[102],"sustainability":[104],"measures.":[105],"also":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"usability":[111],"by":[112],"examples":[114],"how":[116],"use":[118],"its":[119],"inside":[121],"MFEM":[123],"deal.ii":[125],"finite":[126],"element":[127],"ecosystems.":[128],"Finally,":[129],"offer":[131],"practical":[133],"demonstration":[134],"state-of-the-art":[141],"GPU":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2020-07-10T00:00:00"}