{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191136298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3479512","title":"A Framework of Severity for Harmful Content Online","display_name":"A Framework of Severity for Harmful Content Online","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191136298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3479512","mag":"3191136298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3479512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3479512","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3479512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3479512","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084538652","display_name":"Morgan Klaus Scheuerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6049-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Morgan Klaus Scheuerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024988342","display_name":"Jialun Aaron Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-5750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialun Aaron Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029561487","display_name":"Casey Fiesler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-4201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Casey Fiesler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084740625","display_name":"Jed R. Brubaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-8324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jed R. Brubaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084538652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7445,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97784932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"CSCW2","first_page":"1","last_page":"33"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.8283786773681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation","display_name":"Moderation","score":0.627187967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.5964613556861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5923674702644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5727092027664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-relations","display_name":"Public relations","score":0.48087814450263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4688713848590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-analysis","display_name":"Content analysis","score":0.4652610123157501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.43054550886154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4175984859466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.351839154958725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.27238938212394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.26033639907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1570148766040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14406543970108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.11055910587310791}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.8283786773681641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.627187967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5964613556861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5923674702644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5727092027664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.48087814450263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4688713848590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.4652610123157501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.43054550886154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4175984859466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.351839154958725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27238938212394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26033639907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1570148766040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14406543970108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.11055910587310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3479512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3479512","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3479512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.04401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.04401","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.04401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3479512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3479512","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3479512","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210183893","display_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"2573-0142","issn":["2573-0142"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191136298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191136298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130631052","https://openalex.org/W1605824561","https://openalex.org/W1615506555","https://openalex.org/W1658908529","https://openalex.org/W1778277763","https://openalex.org/W1980906023","https://openalex.org/W1983581110","https://openalex.org/W1995946125","https://openalex.org/W2047537658","https://openalex.org/W2078178105","https://openalex.org/W2090994653","https://openalex.org/W2100124855","https://openalex.org/W2119329865","https://openalex.org/W2124445109","https://openalex.org/W2292070666","https://openalex.org/W2408204361","https://openalex.org/W2408438569","https://openalex.org/W2484789065","https://openalex.org/W2508249987","https://openalex.org/W2527768680","https://openalex.org/W2548475155","https://openalex.org/W2587856214","https://openalex.org/W2588050621","https://openalex.org/W2588107045","https://openalex.org/W2592393350","https://openalex.org/W2601915515","https://openalex.org/W2606766508","https://openalex.org/W2608014122","https://openalex.org/W2610906739","https://openalex.org/W2611739737","https://openalex.org/W2619068704","https://openalex.org/W2775336929","https://openalex.org/W2792099767","https://openalex.org/W2796382430","https://openalex.org/W2800596622","https://openalex.org/W2803517648","https://openalex.org/W2810857251","https://openalex.org/W2883256893","https://openalex.org/W2894309501","https://openalex.org/W2898639743","https://openalex.org/W2898852014","https://openalex.org/W2898871924","https://openalex.org/W2910732263","https://openalex.org/W2923121870","https://openalex.org/W2934540302","https://openalex.org/W2940648399","https://openalex.org/W2943038098","https://openalex.org/W2949748152","https://openalex.org/W2951305493","https://openalex.org/W2951449479","https://openalex.org/W2953410748","https://openalex.org/W2955053932","https://openalex.org/W2963635075","https://openalex.org/W2964034671","https://openalex.org/W2974834077","https://openalex.org/W2982259203","https://openalex.org/W2982868170","https://openalex.org/W2988207158","https://openalex.org/W2989050900","https://openalex.org/W2989158073","https://openalex.org/W3028938806","https://openalex.org/W3029465892","https://openalex.org/W3029662682","https://openalex.org/W3036197095","https://openalex.org/W3097974050","https://openalex.org/W3122020752","https://openalex.org/W3132211137","https://openalex.org/W3172188347","https://openalex.org/W4231884614","https://openalex.org/W4235053314","https://openalex.org/W4237616023","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6766002618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740268725","https://openalex.org/W3093710306","https://openalex.org/W750217911","https://openalex.org/W4206949499","https://openalex.org/W2296969234","https://openalex.org/W4226254121","https://openalex.org/W4388229525","https://openalex.org/W131533274","https://openalex.org/W4313163826","https://openalex.org/W1517021018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,14,16,22,29,45,48,71,76,101,117,132,142,156,186,189,202],"harmful":[3,56,63,104],"content":[4,39,57,64],"on":[5,55,120],"online":[6,18,77,105],"social":[7],"media":[8],"platforms":[9],"has":[10],"necessitated":[11],"empirical":[12],"understandings":[13,28,185],"experiences":[15],"harm":[17,25,30,49,157,190],"and":[19,31,61,85,94,122,147,149,180,193],"the":[20,74,130,154],"development":[21],"practices":[23],"for":[24,103],"mitigation.":[26],"Both":[27],"approaches":[32],"to":[33,82,87,91,177],"mitigating":[34],"that":[35],"harm,":[36],"often":[37],"through":[38],"moderation,":[40],"have":[41],"implicitly":[42],"embedded":[43],"frameworks":[44,195],"prioritization-what":[46],"forms":[47,188,201],"should":[50,58,65],"be":[51,59,66,159,175],"researched,":[52],"how":[53,62,79,86,171],"policy":[54,181],"implemented,":[60],"moderated.":[67],"To":[68],"aid":[69],"efforts":[70],"better":[72],"understanding":[73],"variety":[75],"harms,":[78],"they":[80],"relate":[81],"one":[83],"another,":[84],"prioritize":[88],"harms":[89],"relevant":[90],"research,":[92],"policy,":[93],"practice,":[95],"we":[96,113,138],"present":[97],"a":[98,109,115],"theoretical":[99],"framework":[100,116,173],"severity":[102,118,155],"content.":[106],"By":[107],"employing":[108],"grounded":[110],"theory":[111],"approach,":[112],"developed":[114],"based":[119],"interviews":[121],"card-sorting":[123],"activities":[124],"conducted":[125],"with":[126],"52":[127],"participants":[128],"over":[129],"course":[131],"ten":[133],"months.":[134],"Through":[135],"our":[136,172],"analysis,":[137],"identified":[139],"four":[140],"Types":[141],"Harm":[143],"(physical,":[144],"emotional,":[145],"relational,":[146],"financial)":[148],"eight":[150],"Dimensions":[151],"along":[152],"which":[153],"can":[158,174],"understood":[160],"(perspectives,":[161],"intent,":[162],"agency,":[163],"experience,":[164],"scale,":[165],"urgency,":[166],"vulnerability,":[167],"sphere).":[168],"We":[169],"describe":[170],"applied":[176],"both":[178],"research":[179],"settings":[182],"towards":[183],"deeper":[184],"specific":[187],"(e.g.,":[191],"harassment)":[192],"prioritization":[194],"when":[196],"implementing":[197],"policies":[198],"encompassing":[199],"many":[200],"harm.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
