{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200272192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480534","title":"Multi-class inverted stippling","display_name":"Multi-class inverted stippling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200272192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3478513.3480534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480534","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3478513.3480534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3478513.3480534","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007968836","display_name":"Christoph Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-3966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050869372","display_name":"Kin Chung Kwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2377-081X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin Chung Kwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103102088","display_name":"Michael Becher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-1655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Becher","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073160850","display_name":"Daniel Baumg\u00e4rtner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-0446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Baumgartner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087317081","display_name":"Guido Reina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4127-1897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Reina","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036489223","display_name":"Oliver Deu\u00dfen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5803-2185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Deussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Konstanz, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073619125","display_name":"Daniel Weiskopf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-1026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Weiskopf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Stuttgart, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007968836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69663484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"6","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6624901294708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.5078848004341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.05645477771759033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6624901294708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5078848004341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.05645477771759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3478513.3480534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480534","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3478513.3480534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/55976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-2-3pieljazuoer1","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/21672707-75c4-410b-a4ff-87b21c2ed630/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). 2021, 40(6), 245. ISSN 0730-0301. eISSN 1557-7368. Available under: doi: 10.1145/3478513.3480534","raw_type":"doc-type:Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3478513.3480534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480534","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3478513.3480534","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1249645882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"251654672,279064222","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200272192.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4200272192.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553894051","https://openalex.org/W1963721457","https://openalex.org/W2019187323","https://openalex.org/W2032837934","https://openalex.org/W2049431120","https://openalex.org/W2054057322","https://openalex.org/W2071639736","https://openalex.org/W2079749971","https://openalex.org/W2091046836","https://openalex.org/W2101595082","https://openalex.org/W2118558730","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2153935912","https://openalex.org/W2158516590","https://openalex.org/W2160960909","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2618820788","https://openalex.org/W2741009386","https://openalex.org/W2770735752","https://openalex.org/W2804007317","https://openalex.org/W2903549434","https://openalex.org/W2963407643","https://openalex.org/W2967854230","https://openalex.org/W3136661314","https://openalex.org/W3137826879","https://openalex.org/W4230673942","https://openalex.org/W4231261980","https://openalex.org/W4244552705","https://openalex.org/W4252967606","https://openalex.org/W4253511658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,48],"introduce":[1],"inverted":[2],"stippling":[3,25,30,35,84],",":[4],"a":[5,50],"method":[6,53],"to":[7,26,40,54,94],"mimic":[8],"an":[9],"inversion":[10],"technique":[11],"used":[12],"by":[13],"artists":[14],"when":[15],"performing":[16],"stippling.":[17],"To":[18],"this":[19],"end,":[20],"we":[21,79],"extend":[22],"Linde-Buzo-Gray":[23],"(LBG)":[24],"multi-class":[27,87],"LBG":[28],"(MLBG)":[29],"with":[31,82],"multiple":[32],"layers.":[33],"MLBG":[34,68,81],"couples":[36],"the":[37,65],"layers":[38],"stochastically":[39],"optimize":[41],"for":[42,59,97],"per-layer":[43],"and":[44,74,85],"overall":[45],"blue-noise":[46,88],"properties.":[47],"propose":[49],"stipple-based":[51],"filling":[52],"generate":[55],"solid":[56],"color":[57,83],"backgrounds":[58],"inverting":[60],"areas.":[61],"Our":[62],"experiments":[63],"demonstrate":[64],"effectiveness":[66],"of":[67,71],"in":[69],"terms":[70],"reducing":[72],"overlapping":[73],"intensity":[75],"accuracy.":[76],"In":[77],"addition,":[78],"showcase":[80],"dynamic":[86],"sampling,":[89],"which":[90],"is":[91],"possible":[92],"due":[93],"its":[95],"support":[96],"temporal":[98],"coherence.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}