{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4300185858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478431.3499320","title":"Experiences Implementing and Utilizing a Notional Machine in the Classroom","display_name":"Experiences Implementing and Utilizing a Notional Machine in the Classroom","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4300185858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478431.3499320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3478431.3499320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478431.3499320","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3478431.3499320","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608709","display_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3478431.3499320","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043607695","display_name":"Paul E. Dickson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Dickson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020540073","display_name":"Tim Richards","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Richards","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054692443","display_name":"Brett A. Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett A. Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"850","last_page":"856"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notional-amount","display_name":"Notional amount","score":0.99770188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6479970812797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.46531131863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.42579758167266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3451690673828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14377805590629578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192063788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063049","display_name":"Notional amount","level":2,"score":0.99770188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6479970812797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46531131863594055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.42579758167266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3451690673828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14377805590629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3478431.3499320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478431.3499320","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3478431.3499320","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608709","display_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3478431.3499320","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3478431.3499320","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3478431.3499320","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608709","display_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4300185858.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4300185858.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968956798","https://openalex.org/W1971406774","https://openalex.org/W1991469716","https://openalex.org/W1999653803","https://openalex.org/W2076184887","https://openalex.org/W2167759247","https://openalex.org/W2168795140","https://openalex.org/W2274171761","https://openalex.org/W2533856174","https://openalex.org/W2727220479","https://openalex.org/W2765690640","https://openalex.org/W2885048964","https://openalex.org/W2910880405","https://openalex.org/W2916708654","https://openalex.org/W2917373358","https://openalex.org/W2944540824","https://openalex.org/W2996950498","https://openalex.org/W3008479641","https://openalex.org/W3032949025","https://openalex.org/W3033106251","https://openalex.org/W3033291130","https://openalex.org/W3048016185","https://openalex.org/W3080463073","https://openalex.org/W3184791513","https://openalex.org/W4236573803","https://openalex.org/W4241189686","https://openalex.org/W4253339504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4300185858","https://openalex.org/W1593635781","https://openalex.org/W3143683079","https://openalex.org/W4229444016","https://openalex.org/W4389831142","https://openalex.org/W1524721630","https://openalex.org/W1499627774","https://openalex.org/W2233221338","https://openalex.org/W3124466727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,9,72,78,94,110,117],"computing":[2],"education":[3],"community,":[4],"discussion":[5],"is":[6,25,68,113,159],"growing":[7],"about":[8],"benefits":[10],"of":[11,43,71,80,106],"teaching":[12],"programming":[13],"by":[14,116],"explicitly":[15],"using":[16,33,53,155],"notional":[17,46,66,82,111,152],"machines":[18],"to":[19,77,87,101,125],"help":[20],"students.":[21],"To-date":[22],"most":[23],"work":[24,30],"largely":[26],"theoretical":[27],"and":[28,52,128,135,154],"little":[29],"addresses":[31],"actually":[32],"them":[34,148],"in":[35,55,109,157],"a":[36,45,49,81,126,132,151,160],"classroom.":[37,57],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"documents":[40],"our":[41],"experience":[42],"creating":[44,64],"machine":[47,67,83,112,153],"for":[48],"specific":[50,124],"course":[51],"it":[54,156],"that":[56,69,149],"A":[58],"key":[59],"point":[60],"we":[61],"learned":[62,143],"while":[63],"this":[65,97,145],"many":[70],"difficulties":[73],"encountered":[74],"were":[75],"due":[76],"concept":[79],"being":[84],"tightly":[85],"coupled":[86],"students'":[88,118],"mental":[89,119],"models.":[90],"Although":[91],"not":[92],"surprising,":[93],"numerous":[95],"complications":[96],"brings":[98],"are":[99,122],"important":[100],"overcome.":[102],"The":[103],"potential":[104],"amount":[105],"detail":[107],"included":[108],"enormously":[114],"influenced":[115],"models,":[120],"which":[121],"likely":[123],"course,":[127],"also":[129],"change":[130],"throughout":[131],"semester":[133],"--":[134],"certainly":[136],"across":[137],"several":[138],"semesters.":[139],"We":[140],"present":[141],"lessons":[142],"from":[144],"experience,":[146],"among":[147],"implementing":[150],"class":[158],"non-trivial":[161],"yet":[162],"possibly":[163],"beneficial":[164],"exercise.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}