{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284683571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532063","title":"Structured and Natural Responses Co-generation for Conversational Search","display_name":"Structured and Natural Responses Co-generation for Conversational Search","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284683571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477495.3532063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/7720","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004191675","display_name":"Chenchen Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5318-2265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenchen Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081165986","display_name":"Lizi Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-3305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","display_name":"Singapore Management University","ror":"https://ror.org/050qmg959","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizi Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051925942","display_name":"Fuli Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5828-9842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuli Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011695668","display_name":"Wei Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7423-6612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sea-NExT Joint Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sea-NExT Joint Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089404640","display_name":"Tat\u2010Seng Chua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-7807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tat-Seng Chua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sea-NExT Joint Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sea-NExT Joint Lab, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"155","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8218854069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.7987558245658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.6453150510787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5953050851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.58516526222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.5225205421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5205103754997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5027918815612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4915939271450043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-system","display_name":"Dialog system","score":0.43028971552848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.42253023386001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3730947971343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3323715627193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3264070749282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.19390559196472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08334118127822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08086913824081421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8218854069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.7987558245658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.6453150510787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5953050851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.58516526222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.5225205421447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5205103754997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5027918815612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4915939271450043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190954187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270587","display_name":"Dialog system","level":3,"score":0.43028971552848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.42253023386001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3730947971343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3323715627193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3264070749282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.19390559196472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08334118127822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08086913824081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477495.3532063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-8226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/7223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532063","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-8723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/7720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532063","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ink.library.smu.edu.sg:sis_research-8723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/7720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401925","display_name":"Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79891267","host_organization_name":"Singapore Management University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79891267"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532063","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2438667436","https://openalex.org/W2590822507","https://openalex.org/W2749436976","https://openalex.org/W2798575418","https://openalex.org/W2898076813","https://openalex.org/W2914248611","https://openalex.org/W2953071719","https://openalex.org/W2956125353","https://openalex.org/W2962852262","https://openalex.org/W2963170138","https://openalex.org/W2964044380","https://openalex.org/W2979520138","https://openalex.org/W2987293115","https://openalex.org/W2988937804","https://openalex.org/W3035337525","https://openalex.org/W3035734059","https://openalex.org/W3102862020","https://openalex.org/W3131173775","https://openalex.org/W3152929911","https://openalex.org/W3154189934","https://openalex.org/W3154553408","https://openalex.org/W6633423816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W48079147","https://openalex.org/W2394821827","https://openalex.org/W2563921006","https://openalex.org/W1963944933","https://openalex.org/W2111550420","https://openalex.org/W1977846844","https://openalex.org/W2549666521","https://openalex.org/W3133893348","https://openalex.org/W2901575119","https://openalex.org/W2026182709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generating":[0],"fluent":[1],"and":[2,31,69,122,141],"informative":[3],"natural":[4,34,42,70,82,123],"responses":[5,43,83],"while":[6,62],"main-":[7],"taining":[8],"representative":[9],"internal":[10],"states":[11],"for":[12,17,137,155],"search":[13,19],"optimization":[14],"is":[15],"critical":[16],"conversational":[18],"systems.":[20],"Existing":[21],"approaches":[22,53],"ei-":[23],"ther":[24],"1)":[25],"predict":[26,87],"structured":[27,67,88,119],"dialog":[28,120],"acts":[29,68,121],"first":[30],"then":[32],"generate":[33],"response;":[35],"or":[36],"2)":[37],"map":[38],"conversation":[39],"context":[40],"to":[41,86],"di-":[44],"rectly":[45],"in":[46,75,106,130],"an":[47,131],"end-to-end":[48],"manner.":[49],"Both":[50],"kinds":[51],"of":[52],"have":[54],"shortcomings.":[55],"The":[56,78,103,145],"former":[57],"suffers":[58],"from":[59],"error":[60],"accumulation":[61],"the":[63,100,138],"semantic":[64,143],"associations":[65],"between":[66],"re-":[71],"sponses":[72],"are":[73],"confined":[74],"single":[76],"direction.":[77],"latter":[79],"emphasizes":[80],"generating":[81],"but":[84],"fails":[85],"acts.":[89],"Therefore,":[90],"we":[91,117],"propose":[92],"a":[93,107],"neural":[94],"co-generation":[95],"model":[96,163],"that":[97,161],"gener-":[98],"ates":[99],"two":[101,113,127],"concurrently.":[102],"key":[104],"lies":[105],"shared":[108,146],"latent":[109,147],"space":[110,148],"shaped":[111],"by":[112],"informed":[114],"priors.":[115],"Specifically,":[116],"design":[118],"response":[124],"auto-encoding":[125],"as":[126],"auxiliary":[128],"tasks":[129],"interconnected":[132],"network":[133],"architecture.":[134],"It":[135],"allows":[136],"concurrent":[139],"generation":[140],"bidirectional":[142],"associations.":[144],"also":[149],"enables":[150],"asynchronous":[151],"reinforcement":[152],"learn-":[153],"ing":[154],"further":[156],"joint":[157],"optimization.":[158],"Experiments":[159],"show":[160],"our":[162],"achieves":[164],"significant":[165],"performance":[166],"improvements.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}