{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280489598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532052","title":"Re-thinking Knowledge Graph Completion Evaluation from an Information Retrieval Perspective","display_name":"Re-thinking Knowledge Graph Completion Evaluation from an Information Retrieval Perspective","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280489598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477495.3532052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532052","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477495.3532052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477495.3532052","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106695651","display_name":"Ying Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-4924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071707350","display_name":"Xuanang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-8451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109888639","display_name":"Ben He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-9209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101538411","display_name":"Zheng Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5019-5166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174442536","display_name":"South Central Minzu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d7sax13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174442536"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174442536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101512153","display_name":"Le Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-7140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"916","last_page":"926"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7434971332550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7104199528694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.593653678894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.532599151134491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.5049312710762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.489732027053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47595664858818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4212430417537689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3554995357990265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32092374563217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.19708094000816345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7434971332550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7104199528694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.593653678894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.532599151134491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.5049312710762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.489732027053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47595664858818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4212430417537689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3554995357990265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32092374563217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.19708094000816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477495.3532052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532052","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477495.3532052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2205.04105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2205.04105","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2205.04105","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477495.3532052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3532052","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3477495.3532052","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2682406033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5577970204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0106400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7424057548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2020AAA0106400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326972","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280489598.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280489598.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W205829674","https://openalex.org/W1985514943","https://openalex.org/W2009607991","https://openalex.org/W2053100920","https://openalex.org/W2058896506","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W2168469656","https://openalex.org/W2250184916","https://openalex.org/W2283196293","https://openalex.org/W2474338411","https://openalex.org/W2564759307","https://openalex.org/W2740468505","https://openalex.org/W2740916867","https://openalex.org/W2754811377","https://openalex.org/W2799107441","https://openalex.org/W2897854719","https://openalex.org/W2948749288","https://openalex.org/W2955792106","https://openalex.org/W2997897037","https://openalex.org/W3034374701","https://openalex.org/W3034645139","https://openalex.org/W3152757293","https://openalex.org/W3156771864","https://openalex.org/W3172335055","https://openalex.org/W4235505822","https://openalex.org/W4287797829","https://openalex.org/W4293159471","https://openalex.org/W4300410021","https://openalex.org/W4300579117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W4390975304","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W51364034","https://openalex.org/W2898073868","https://openalex.org/W4284663758","https://openalex.org/W3015684221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"graph":[1],"completion":[2],"(KGC)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,60,92,160,174,230,245],"infer":[6],"missing":[7],"knowledge":[8,16,67],"triples":[9],"based":[10,145],"on":[11,84,109,146],"known":[12],"facts":[13],"in":[14,40,179,194],"a":[15,37,41,51,94,106,140,147,166,180,187],"graph.":[17],"Current":[18],"KGC":[19,98,119,192,223,252],"research":[20],"mostly":[21],"follows":[22],"an":[23,70],"entity":[24,39,71],"ranking":[25,72,185,248],"protocol,":[26],"wherein":[27],"the":[28,33,61,65,86,113,117,122,129,150,155,171,203,241,247,251],"effectiveness":[29],"is":[30,47,74,90],"measured":[31],"by":[32,50,77,128,218],"predicted":[34],"rank":[35],"of":[36,64,97,183,186,189,196,250],"masked":[38],"test":[42],"triple.":[43],"The":[44],"overall":[45],"performance":[46],"then":[48],"given":[49],"micro(-average)":[52],"metric":[53],"over":[54],"all":[55],"individual":[56],"answer":[57],"entities.":[58],"Due":[59],"incomplete":[62],"nature":[63,249],"large-scale":[66,133],"bases,":[68],"such":[69],"setting":[73],"likely":[75],"affected":[76,217],"unlabelled":[78],"top-ranked":[79],"positive":[80],"examples,":[81],"raising":[82],"questions":[83],"whether":[85,110],"current":[87,118],"evaluation":[88,120],"protocol":[89],"sufficient":[91],"guarantee":[93],"fair":[95],"comparison":[96],"systems.":[99],"To":[100],"this":[101,103],"end,":[102],"paper":[104],"presents":[105],"systematic":[107],"study":[108],"and":[111,210,235,238],"how":[112],"label":[114,219,236],"sparsity":[115],"affects":[116],"with":[121],"popular":[123,151,191],"micro":[124,197],"metrics.":[125,198],"Specifically,":[126],"inspired":[127],"TREC":[130,156],"paradigm":[131],"for":[132,222],"information":[134],"retrieval":[135],"(IR)":[136],"experimentation,":[137],"we":[138,225],"create":[139],"relatively":[141],"\"complete\"":[142,176],"judgment":[143],"set":[144],"sample":[148],"from":[149,170],"FB15k-237":[152],"dataset":[153],"following":[154],"pooling":[157,229],"method.":[158],"According":[159],"our":[161,175],"analysis,":[162],"it":[163],"comes":[164],"as":[165],"surprise":[167],"that":[168,202],"switching":[169],"original":[172],"labels":[173,177],"results":[178],"drastic":[181],"change":[182],"system":[184],"variety":[188],"13":[190],"models":[193],"terms":[195],"Further":[199],"investigation":[200],"indicates":[201],"IR-like":[204,242],"macro(-average)":[205],"metrics":[206,244],"are":[207],"more":[208],"stable":[209],"discriminative":[211],"under":[212],"different":[213],"settings,":[214],"meanwhile,":[215],"less":[216],"sparsity.":[220],"Thus,":[221],"evaluation,":[224],"recommend":[226],"conducting":[227],"TREC-style":[228],"balance":[231],"between":[232],"human":[233],"efforts":[234],"completeness,":[237],"reporting":[239],"also":[240],"macro":[243],"reflect":[246],"task.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}