{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284667356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3531903","title":"PST","display_name":"PST","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284667356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3531903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477495.3531903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3531903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101452708","display_name":"Ruixin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1453-433X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruixin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014264612","display_name":"Yu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4294-5523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083759720","display_name":"Le Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-9326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033590751","display_name":"Shuanghong Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-9352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuanghong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398281","display_name":"Xin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-4654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075435632","display_name":"Yu Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-0161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174385955","display_name":"Hefei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b64k086","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174385955"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Normal University &amp; Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Normal University &amp; Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174385955"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048237545","display_name":"Enhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-4102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China &amp; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101452708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94371627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2601","last_page":"2606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7887294292449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.6328241229057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.6076754331588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.49427080154418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.4505959451198578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.43800824880599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-programming","display_name":"Inductive programming","score":0.42545533180236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4082578718662262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3849591016769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.18207517266273499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7887294292449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.6328241229057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.6076754331588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.49427080154418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.4505959451198578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.43800824880599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.42545533180236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4082578718662262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3849591016769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.18207517266273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3477495.3531903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3477495.3531903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608773","display_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3945091556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. U20A20229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989696200","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2258103373","https://openalex.org/W2516621648","https://openalex.org/W2593348673","https://openalex.org/W2603824136","https://openalex.org/W2607167007","https://openalex.org/W2789891878","https://openalex.org/W2953577593","https://openalex.org/W2955426500","https://openalex.org/W2955931418","https://openalex.org/W2997882704","https://openalex.org/W3014339000","https://openalex.org/W3020516357","https://openalex.org/W3034854756","https://openalex.org/W3126645029","https://openalex.org/W3133727920","https://openalex.org/W3135095191","https://openalex.org/W3155422817","https://openalex.org/W3171435422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966767581","https://openalex.org/W1548535723","https://openalex.org/W2351187484","https://openalex.org/W1597062518","https://openalex.org/W2166247150","https://openalex.org/W1527925217","https://openalex.org/W2368821108","https://openalex.org/W3160136729","https://openalex.org/W4254145838","https://openalex.org/W1537970794"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0,80],"has":[1],"become":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"skill":[5,19,36,73,115],"for":[6],"individuals":[7],"nowadays.":[8],"For":[9],"the":[10,34,51,55,92,105,108,134],"demand":[11],"to":[12,32,90,103,122,132],"improve":[13],"personal":[14],"programming":[15,18,35,61,76,114,117],"skill,":[16],"tracking":[17],"proficiency":[20,74],"is":[21],"getting":[22],"more":[23,25,124],"and":[24,98,119,136],"important.":[26],"However,":[27],"few":[28],"researchers":[29],"pay":[30],"attention":[31],"measuring":[33],"of":[37,40,50,94,138],"learners.":[38],"Most":[39],"existing":[41],"studies":[42],"on":[43],"learner":[44],"capability":[45],"portrait":[46],"only":[47],"made":[48],"use":[49],"exercise":[52,62,77],"results,":[53],"while":[54],"rich":[56],"behavioral":[57],"information":[58],"contained":[59],"in":[60,75],"process":[63,78],"remains":[64],"unused.":[65],"Therefore,":[66],"we":[67,112,128],"propose":[68],"a":[69],"model":[70],"that":[71],"measures":[72],"named":[79],"Skill":[81],"Tracing":[82,100],"(PST).":[83],"We":[84],"designed":[85],"Code":[86,99],"Information":[87],"Graph":[88,101],"(CIG)":[89],"represent":[91],"feature":[93],"learners'":[95],"solution":[96],"code,":[97],"(CTG)":[102],"measure":[104],"changes":[106],"between":[107],"adjacent":[109],"submissions.":[110],"Furthermore,":[111],"divided":[113],"into":[116],"knowledge":[118],"coding":[120],"ability":[121],"get":[123],"fine-grained":[125],"assessment.":[126],"Finally,":[127],"conducted":[129],"various":[130],"experiments":[131],"verify":[133],"effectiveness":[135],"interpretability":[137],"our":[139],"PST":[140],"model.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2022-07-08T00:00:00"}
